Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest. (20th October 2019)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest. (20th October 2019)
- Main Title:
- Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest
- Authors:
- Guerrieri, Rossella
Lecha, Lucas
Mattana, Stefania
Cáliz, Joan
Casamayor, Emilio O.
Barceló, Anna
Michalski, Greg
Peñuelas, Josep
Avila, Anna
Mencuccini, Maurizio - Editors:
- Pineda, Ana
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Microbial activity plays a central role in nitrogen (N) cycling, with effects on forest productivity. Although N biotransformations, such as nitrification, are known to occur in the soil, here we investigate whether nitrifiers are present in tree canopies and actively process atmospheric N. This study was conducted in a Mediterranean holm oak ( Quercus ilex L.) forest in Spain during the transition from hot dry summer to cool wet winter. We quantified NH 4 + —N and NO 3 - —N fluxes for rainfall (RF) and throughfall (TF) and used δ 15 N, δ 18 O and Δ 17 O to elucidate sources of NO 3 - . Finally, we characterized microbial communities and abundance of nitrifiers on foliage, RF and TF water through metabarcoding and quantitative polymerase chain reaction respectively. NO3 —N fluxes at the site were larger in TF than RF, suggesting a contribution from dry deposition, as also supported by δ 15 N and δ 18 O. However, Δ 17 O indicated that about 20% of NO 3 - in TF derived from canopies nitrification in August, after a severe drought, with a lower proportion in September (≈8%). This seasonal partitioning between biologically and atmospherically derived NO 3 - coincided with a decreasing trend of the abundance of archaeal nitrifiers. Tree canopies and TF had more diverse microbial communities than RF. Yet, RF showed higher variability in microbial composition, likely associated with the origin of air masses. Synthesis . Atmospheric N deposition is significantly alteredAbstract: Microbial activity plays a central role in nitrogen (N) cycling, with effects on forest productivity. Although N biotransformations, such as nitrification, are known to occur in the soil, here we investigate whether nitrifiers are present in tree canopies and actively process atmospheric N. This study was conducted in a Mediterranean holm oak ( Quercus ilex L.) forest in Spain during the transition from hot dry summer to cool wet winter. We quantified NH 4 + —N and NO 3 - —N fluxes for rainfall (RF) and throughfall (TF) and used δ 15 N, δ 18 O and Δ 17 O to elucidate sources of NO 3 - . Finally, we characterized microbial communities and abundance of nitrifiers on foliage, RF and TF water through metabarcoding and quantitative polymerase chain reaction respectively. NO3 —N fluxes at the site were larger in TF than RF, suggesting a contribution from dry deposition, as also supported by δ 15 N and δ 18 O. However, Δ 17 O indicated that about 20% of NO 3 - in TF derived from canopies nitrification in August, after a severe drought, with a lower proportion in September (≈8%). This seasonal partitioning between biologically and atmospherically derived NO 3 - coincided with a decreasing trend of the abundance of archaeal nitrifiers. Tree canopies and TF had more diverse microbial communities than RF. Yet, RF showed higher variability in microbial composition, likely associated with the origin of air masses. Synthesis . Atmospheric N deposition is significantly altered after passing through tree canopies. While nitrification has been proposed as one of the mechanisms responsible for these changes, very few studies directly investigate its occurrence. Here, we showed that nitrification by epiphytic leaf microbes contributed to increasing NO3 in TF and that nitrifiers' activity was reduced going from the dry and hot summer to the cool winter. Overall, these results highlight the power of coupling microbial community analysis, functional gene amplification and stable isotope approaches to examine ecosystem‐scale processes. Abstract : Our study investigated whether nitrifying microbes were present in holm oak tree canopies and actively processed atmospheric nitrogen (panel a). No difference were found between RF and TF for N fluxes in the form of NH4, whereas higher N fluxes in the form of NO3 were observed in TF versus RF. By using the Δ 17 O tracer we found that about 20% of NO 3 - in TF derived from canopies nitrification ( f Bio) in August, after a severe drought, with a lower proportion in September, while atmospheric deposition ( f Atm) was the dominant source of NO 3 - for October–December (panel b). This temporal partitioning between biologically and atmospherically derived NO 3 - coincided with a decreasing trend of the abundance of archaeal nitrifiers (as shown by the Archaeal amoA copies per ng microbial DNA; panel c). These results suggest the important, but overlooked, role of foliar microbes in N cycling by contributing to the biological transformation of atmospheric N. Resumen: La actividad microbiana desempeña un papel central en el ciclo del nitrógeno (N) y tiene efectos en la productividad forestal. Aunque son bien conocidas las biotransformaciones de N (como la nitrificación) en el suelo, en este trabajo investigamos la presencia de nitrificadores en las copas de los árboles y exploramos si éstos procesan activamente el N atmosférico. Este estudio se realizó en un encinar ( Quercus ilex L.) mediterráneo durante la transición del verano seco y cálido al invierno fresco y húmedo. Se cuantificaron los flujos de NH4 + —N y NO3 ‐ — N en la lluvia (RF) y la trascolación (TF) y se utilizaron los isótopos δ 15 N, δ 18 O y Δ 17 O para dilucidar el origen del NO3 ‐ . Asimismo, se caracterizaron las comunidades microbianas y la abundancia de nitrificadores en el follaje, RF y TF por medio de la metabarcodificación y la reacción cuantitativa en cadena de la polimerasa, respectivamente. Los flujos de NO3 ‐ — N fueron mayores en TF que en RF, sugiriendo una contribución de la deposición seca, lo que corroboraron los resultados de δ 15 N y δ 18 O. Sin embargo, los resultados de Δ 17 O indicaron que aproximadamente el 20% de NO3 ‐ — N en TF derivó de nitrificación en las copas en agosto, tras una severa sequía, seguido de una proporción menor en septiembre (≈ 8%). Esta división estacional entre NO3 derivado de la actividad biológica y de la deposición atmosférica coincidió con una tendencia decreciente en la abundancia de nitrificadores arqueales. Las copas de los árboles y la trascolación contuvieron comunidades microbianas más diversas que la lluvia. Sin embargo, ésta mostró una mayor variabilidad en su composición microbiana, probablemente asociada a variaciones en el origen de las masas de aire. Síntesis. La deposición atmosférica de N se ve significativamente modificada después de pasar por las copas de los árboles. Si bien se ha propuesto la nitrificación como uno de los mecanismos responsables de estos cambios, muy pocos estudios lo han investigado directamente. Aquí, mostramos que la nitrificación microbiana foliar contribuyó a aumentar el NO3 en TF y que la actividad de los nitrificadores se redujo al pasar del verano seco y caluroso al frio invierno. En general, estos resultados resaltan la potencia de combinar análisis de la comunidad microbiana, de amplificación funcional de genes y de isótopos estables para examinar los procesos a escala de ecosistema. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of ecology. Volume 108:Number 2(2020:Mar.)
- Journal:
- Journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 108:Number 2(2020:Mar.)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 108, Issue 2 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 108
- Issue:
- 2
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0108-0002-0000
- Page Start:
- 626
- Page End:
- 640
- Publication Date:
- 2019-10-20
- Subjects:
- ammonia‐oxidizing archaea -- ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria -- canopy nitrification -- Mediterranean forest -- metabarcoding -- nitrate fluxes -- stable isotopes -- throughfall
Plant ecology -- Periodicals
577.05 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2745 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2745.13288 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0022-0477
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4972.000000
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British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 20464.xml