Seasonal, Spring‐Neap, and Tidal Variation in Cohesive Sediment Transport Parameters in Estuarine Shallows. Issue 11 (4th November 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Allen, Rachel M.; Lacy, Jessica R.; Stacey, Mark T.; Variano, Evan A.
• Is Part Of: Journal of geophysical research. Volume 124:Issue 11(2019)
• Page Start: 7265
• Page End: 7284
• Publication Date: 2019-11-04
• Subjects: cohesive sediment -- San Francisco Bay -- roughness -- bed erodibility -- settling velocity; Oceanography -- Periodicals; 551.4605
• DOI: 10.1029/2018JC014825
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2169-9275

Abstract

Abstract: Numerical models for predicting sediment concentrations and transport rely on parameters such as settling velocity and bed erodibility that describe sediment characteristics, yet these parameters are rarely probed directly. We investigated temporal and spatial variation in sediment parameters in the shallows of San Pablo Bay, CA. Flow, turbulence, and suspended sediment data were measured at sites located at 1 and 2 m below mean lower low water (MLLW) from November 2013 through April 2015, supplemented by monthlong periods in 2011, 2012, and 2016. Maximum current velocities were 0.40–0.47 m s -1 at these depths; the strongest currents decreased to 0.27–0.34 m s -1 during neap periods. Winters 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 experienced strong drought conditions, limiting the potential for seasonal impact on sediment conditions during this experiment. Despite this, the more storm‐influenced site showed clear changes during the winter: the roughness parameter decreased from 10 −4 to 10 −5 m, from hydrodynamically rough to smooth conditions, and bed erodibility increased by an order of magnitude. Median settling velocity was 2.05·10 −4 m s -1 ; it varied twofold within a tidal cycle, decreasing as current velocity grew during flood and ebb. This tidal control on floc size affected settling velocity on the spring‐neap timescale, possibly driving a spring‐neap oscillation in erodibility. Our findings highlight variation in sediment dynamics that is commonly ignored in numerical models and the need for field observations to ground truth ongoing modeling efforts. Key Points: Field observations ground‐truth parameters for sediment transport modeling The roughness parameter and bed erodibility fluctuate on seasonal time scales Floc size fluctuates on a tidal scale; flocs are larger and settle faster during slack water