Flow‐dependent stochastic coupling for climate models with high ocean‐to‐atmosphere resolution ratio. (6th October 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Rackow, Thomas; Juricke, Stephan
• Is Part Of: Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Volume 146:Number 726(2020)
• Page Start: 284
• Page End: 300
• Publication Date: 2019-10-06
• Subjects: air–sea coupling -- climate model -- climate variability -- ENSO -- ocean‐to‐atmosphere -- phase locking -- resolution ratio -- stochastic methods -- subgrid distribution -- tropical instability waves; Meteorology -- Periodicals; 551.5
• DOI: 10.1002/qj.3674
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0035-9009

Abstract

Abstract: This study introduces a new flow‐dependent distribution sampling (FDDS) scheme for air–sea coupling. The FDDS scheme is implemented in a climate model and used to improve the simulated mean and variability of atmospheric and oceanic surface fields and thus air–sea fluxes. Most coupled circulation models use higher resolutions in the sea ice and ocean compared to the atmospheric model component, thereby explicitly simulating the atmospheric subgrid‐scale at the interface. However, the commonly applied averaging of surface fields and air–sea fluxes tends to smooth fine‐scale structures, such as oceanic fronts. The stochastic FDDS scheme samples the resolved spatial ocean (and sea ice) subgrid distribution that is usually not visible to a coarser‐resolution atmospheric model. Randomly drawn nodal ocean values are passed to the corresponding atmospheric boxes for the calculation of surface fluxes, aiming to enhance surface flux variability. The resulting surface field perturbations of the FDDS scheme are based on resolved dynamics, displaying pronounced seasonality with realistic magnitude. The AWI Climate Model is used to test the scheme on interannual time‐scales. Our set‐up features a high ocean‐to‐atmosphere resolution ratio in the Tropics, with grid‐point ratios of about 60:1. Compared to the default deterministic averaging, changes are largest in the Tropics leading to an improved spatial distribution of precipitation with bias reductions of up to 50%. Enhanced sea‐surface temperature variability in boreal winter further improves the seasonal phase locking of temperature anomalies associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Mean 2m temperature, sea ice thickness and concentration react with a contrasting dipole pattern between hemispheres but a joint increase of monthly and interannual variability. This first approach to implement a flow‐dependent stochastic coupling scheme shows considerable benefits for simulations of global climate, and various extensions and modifications of the scheme are possible. Abstract : In a coupled climate model with an ocean‐to‐atmosphere grid‐point ratio of up to 60:1, a novel stochastic coupling is introduced that reduces tropical precipitation biases by up to 50% and considerably improves ENSO phase locking. Most coupled climate models are more highly resolved in the sea ice and ocean model component compared to their atmospheric model component, thereby explicitly simulating the atmospheric subgrid‐scale. Instead of the typically used averaging, which smoothes fine‐scale structures and reduces spatial variability, we sample the locally simulated distribution in order to upscale ocean fields (e.g. SST) to the coarser atmospheric grid.