Applications of carbon quantum dots to alleviate Cd2+ phytotoxicity in Citrus maxima seedlings. (December 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Junli; Xiao, Lian; Cheng, Yongchao; Cheng, Yuxuan; Wang, Yunqiang; Wang, Xilong; Ding, Liyun
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 236(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-12
• Subjects: Cadmium ions -- Carbon quantum dots -- Citrus maxima seedlings -- Oxidative stress -- Detoxification; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124385
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Heavy metal pollution may affect plant growth. The focus of this study was to explore remediation agents that alleviate cadmium toxicity in plants. The Citrus maxima (grapefruit) seedlings were cultivated for 10 days under hydroponic conditions amended with different concentrations of Cd 2+ (50 and 200 mg/L) and CDs (600 and 900 mg/L). Our observations on roots and leaves showed that, the plant exposed to 200 mg/L Cd 2+ alone was damaged, supported by the changes in anthocyanin contents, activity of antioxidant enzymes and cell membrane peroxidation damage (up to 35.8–45%). However, the physiological properties of the plant were improved upon exposed to 200 mg/L Cd 2+ plus 900 mg/L CDs; it can be ascribed to Cd 2+ sorption to the co-exposed CDs which reduced its freely dissolved concentration by more than 22.5%, thus significantly reducing the amount of Cd 2+ entered the plant roots by 50.7–89.4%. Due to the oxidative stress induced by Cd 2+ exposure at 200 mg/L, expression of glutathione-producing genes was up-regulated by 30–360% relative to the control, while the genes expression upon exposure to 200 mg/L Cd 2+ and 900 mg/L CDs was reduced by 48.4–91.5% relative to that exposed to 200 mg/L Cd 2+ alone. However, detoxification of CDs on plant leaves at 600 mg/L was insignificant, because a portion of Cd 2+ taken up by roots can be transported to leaves associated with the internalized CDs. Therefore, CDs can be utilized as a repair agent to mitigate toxicity of Cd 2+ to plant especially at a high amendment level (900 mg/L). Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The adsorption of Cd 2+ by CDs reduced the cadmium content in Citrus maxima roots. CDs could mitigate the oxidative stress caused by Cd 2+ to Citrus maxima seedlings. The detoxification of 600 mg/L CDs was insignificant on Citrus maxima leaves.