Genotoxic and cytotoxic alterations induced by environmentally-relevant concentrations of amoxicillin in blood cells of Cyprinus carpio. (December 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Orozco-Hernández, José Manuel; Gómez Oliván, Leobardo Manuel; Heredia-García, Gerardo; Luja-Mondragón, Marlenee; Islas-Flores, Hariz; SanJuan-Reyes, Nely; Galar-Martínez, Marcela; García-Medina, Sandra; Dublán-García, Octavio
• Is Part Of: Chemosphere. Volume 236(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-12
• Subjects: AMX -- Genotoxicity -- Cytotoxicity -- Common carp -- Environmentally-relevant concentrations; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Physiological effect -- Periodicals; Environmental sciences -- Periodicals; Atmospheric chemistry -- Periodicals; 551.511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.054
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0045-6535

Abstract

Abstract: Amoxicillin (AMX) is a pharmaceutical widely employed in human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Its wide production and use has led to this pharmaceutical being released into the environment in concentrations that range from ng L −1 to μg L −1 . Previous studies have demonstrated that this antibiotic generates toxic effects, amongst which alterations to embryonic development and oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, is noteworthy. Nonetheless, it is necessary to characterize the risks that this pharmaceutical represents for species of economic interest such as Cyprinus carpio, in a more precise manner. The aim of this work was to demonstrate if AMX, at environmentally-relevant concentrations, is capable of inducing genotoxic/cytotoxic alterations in C. carpio . In order to evaluate genotoxicity, the comet assay and micronucleus test were used; in order to determine cytotoxic effects, caspase-3 activity and the TUNEL assay were carried out. The results showed that the effects of the biomarkers had their maximum at 72 h; considering the DNA damage in the comet assay, 0.039 μg L −1 resulted in a 29% increase compared to control, and 1.67 μg L −1 caused a 40% increase; micronucleus frequency increased by 205% in C1 and by 311% in C2 when compared to control; compared to control, caspase-3 activity increased 262% in C1 and 787% in C2; for the TUNEL assay, DNA fragmentation increased by 86% in C1 and 120% in C2 compared to control. The results showed that environmentally-relevant concentrations, AMX was capable of generating DNA damage and cytotoxic effects in blood cells of the common carp. Highlights: Cyto-genotoxicity of AMX was evaluated at 0.039 and 1.65 μg L −1 AMX was proven cytotoxic with caspase-3 activity and TUNEL test. AMX was genotoxic proven with comet assay and micronucleus test. The highest cyto-genotoxic effect was found in C1 and C2 at 72 h in C. carpio .