Validity and reliability of the Interagency Integrated Triage Tool in a regional emergency department in Papua New Guinea. (9th October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mitchell, Rob; McKup, John J; Banks, Colin; Nason, Regina; O'Reilly, Gerard; Kandelyo, Scotty; Bornstein, Sarah; Cole, Travis; Reynolds, Teri; Ripa, Paulus; Körver, Sarah; Cameron, Peter
• Is Part Of: Emergency medicine Australasia. Volume 34:Number 1(2022)
• Page Start: 99
• Page End: 107
• Publication Date: 2021-10-09
• Subjects: emergency care -- low‐ and middle‐income country -- triage; Emergency medicine -- Periodicals; Emergency medicine -- Australasia -- Periodicals; 616.025
• DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13877
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1742-6731

Abstract

Abstract : The Interagency Integrated Triage Tool, developed collaboratively by the World Health Organization, International Committee of the Red Cross and Médecins Sans Frontières, is a novel, three‐tier triage system designed for resource‐limited emergency care settings. Following implementation at Mount Hagen Provincial Hospital in Papua New Guinea, the IITT demonstrated adequate predictive validity (within the range reported for other triage tools) and excellent reliability, with an average triage assessment time of less than 3 min. Abstract: Objective: The Interagency Integrated Triage Tool (IITT) is a novel, three‐tier triage system recommended by the World Health Organization. The present study sought to assess the validity and reliability of a pilot version of the tool in a resource‐limited ED in regional Papua New Guinea. Methods: This pragmatic prospective observational study, conducted at Mount Hagen Provincial Hospital, commenced 1 month after IITT implementation. The facility did not have a pre‐existing triage system. All ED patients presenting within a 5‐month period were included. The primary outcome was sensitivity for the detection of time‐critical illness, defined by 10 pre‐specified diagnoses. The association between triage category and ED outcomes was examined using Cramer's V correlation coefficient. Reliability was assessed by inter‐rater agreement between a local and an experienced external triage officer. Results: There were 9437 presentations during the study period and 9175 (97.2%) had a triage category recorded. Overall, 138 (1.5%) were classified as category 1 (emergency), 1438 (15.7%) as category 2 (priority) and 7599 (82.8%) as category 3 (non‐urgent). When applied by a mix of community health workers, nurses, health extension officers and doctors, the tool's sensitivity for the detection of time‐critical illness was 77.8% (95% confidence interval 64.4–88.0). The admission rate was 14.5% (20/138) among emergency patients, 12.0% (173/1438) among priority patients and 0.4% (30/7599) among non‐urgent patients ( P = 0.00). Death in the ED occurred in 13 (9.4%) of 138 emergency patients, 34 (2.4%) of 1438 priority patients and four (0.1%) of 7599 non‐urgent patients ( P = 0.00). The negative predictive value for these outcomes was >99.5%. Among 170 observed triage assessments, weighted κ was 0.81 (excellent agreement). On average, it took clinicians 2 min 43 s (standard deviation 1:10) to complete a triage assessment. Conclusion: There is limited published data regarding the predictive validity and inter‐rater reliability of the IITT. In this pragmatic study, the pilot version of the tool demonstrated adequate performance. Evaluation in other emergency care settings is recommended.