Non-motor connections of the pedunculopontine nucleus of the rat and human brain. (10th January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Özkan, Mazhar; Köse, Büşra; Algın, Oktay; Oğuz, Sinem; Erden, Mert Emre; Çavdar, Safiye
• Is Part Of: Neuroscience letters. Volume 767(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-01-10
• Subjects: AIP Agranular insular cortex, posterior part -- APT Anterior pretectal nucleus -- Au1 Primary auditory cortex -- AuD Dorsal auditory cortex -- AuV Ventral auditory cortex -- BLA Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part -- BLP Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, posterior part -- BNST Bed nucleus of stria terminalis -- CeC Central amygdaloid nucleus, capsular part -- CeL Central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral division -- CeM Central amygdaloid nucleus, medial division -- Cg1 Cingulate cortex, area 1 -- Cg2 Cingulate cortex, area 2 -- DI Dysgranular insular cortex -- DMD Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus -- DPGi Dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus -- DRD Dorsal raphe nucleus, dorsal part -- DRV Dorsal raphe nucleus, ventral part -- DRVL Dorsal raphe nucleus, ventrolateral part -- ECIC External cortex of the inferior colliculus -- ECu External cuneate nucleus -- FrA Medial frontal cortex -- Gi Gigantocellular reticular nucleus -- IC Inferior colliculus -- InG Intermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus -- IRt Intermediate reticular nucleus -- LaDL Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part -- LaVL Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part -- LaVM Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part -- LC Locus ceruleus -- LL Lateral lemniscus -- LGN Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus -- LH Lateral hypothalamic area -- LHb Lateral habenular nucleus -- LPBV Lateral parabrachial nucleus, ventral part -- M1 Primary motor cortex -- MeV Medial vestibular nucleus -- MHb Medial habenular nucleus -- MPA Medial preoptic area -- MPB Medial parabrachial nucleus -- Op Optic nerve layer of the superior colliculus -- PAG Periaqueductal gray -- PaMP Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, medial parvicellular part -- PB Parabrachial nucleus -- PCRt Parvicellular reticular nucleus -- PLH Peduncular part of lateral hypothalamus -- PMn Paramedian reticular nucleus -- PnC Pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part -- PnR Pontine raphe nucleus -- PPN Pedunculopontine nucleus -- PPNd Pedunculopontine nucleus, pars dissipata -- PPNc Pedunculopontine nucleus, pars compacta -- PT Pretectal nucleus -- RVL Rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus -- S1BF Primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field -- S1DZ Primary somatosensory cortex, dysgranular zone -- S2 Secondary somatosensory cortex -- SC Superior colliculus -- SN Substantia nigra -- Sp5 Spinal trigeminal nucleus -- SpVe Spinal vestibular nucleus -- SSCx Somatosensory cortex -- TMN Tuberomammillary nucleus of hypothalamus -- TRN Thalamic reticular nucleus -- V1B Primary visual cortex, binocular area -- V2L Secondary visual cortex, lateral area -- VLL Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus -- VMH Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus -- VPL Ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus; Pedunculopontine nucleus -- Fluoro-Gold -- Non-motor connections -- Diffusion tensor tractography; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Neurologie -- Périodiques; Neuroanatomie -- Périodiques; Neuropharmacologie -- Périodiques; Neurophysiologie -- Périodiques; Neurology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 617.48
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136308
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0304-3940

Abstract

Highlights: The PPN non-motor connections with cortical, subcortical and brainstem structures. The DTI of human adult showed connections of the PPN with non-motor structures. The PPN-nonmotor connections may contribute to various circuits. Abstract: Introduction: The connections of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) with motor areas of the central nervous system (CNS) are well described in the literature, in contrast relations with non-motor areas are lacking. Thus, the aim of the present study is to define the non-motor connections of the PPN in rats using the fluoro-gold (FG) tracer and compare the presence of these connections in healthy human adults using diffusion tensor tractography (DTI). Materials and Methods: We injected FG into the PPN of 12 rats. The non-motor connections of the PPN with cortical, subcortical, and brainstem structures were documented. The non-motor connections of the rats were compared with the DTI obtained from 35 healthy adults. Results: The results of the tract-tracing study in the rat showed that the PPN was connected to non-motor cortical (cingulate, somatosensory, visual, auditory, medial frontal cortices), subcortical (amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus, habenular, and bed nucleus of stria terminalis), and brainstem (medullary reticular, trigeminal spinal, external cuneate, pontine reticular, vestibular, superior and inferior colliculus, locus ceruleus, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial, dorsal raphe, pretectal, lateral lemniscus nuclei, and the contralateral PPN) structures. The DTI obtained from healthy adults showed similar PPN non-motor connections as in rats. Conclusion: Understanding the connections of the PPN with non-motor cortical, subcortical, and brainstem areas of the CNS will enrich our knowledge of its contribution in various circuits and the areas that PPN activity can influence. Further, it will provide insight into the role of Parkinson's disease and related disorders and explain the non-motor complications which occur subsequent to deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the PPN.