Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers and outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2nd November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pelayo, Jerald; Lo, Kevin Bryan; Peterson, Eric; DeFaria, Carly; Nehvi, Atif; Torres, Ricardo; Maqsood, Muhammad Haisum; Farooq, Minaam; Mathew, Roy O.; Rangaswami, Janani
• Is Part Of: Expert review of cardiovascular therapy. Volume 19:Number 11(2021)
• Page Start: 1037
• Page End: 1043
• Publication Date: 2021-11-02
• Subjects: Heart failure -- meta analysis -- angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors -- angiotensin receptor blockers -- mortality -- readmission -- systematic review; Cardiovascular agents -- Research -- Periodicals; 616.12061
• DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.2004121
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1477-9072

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) are cornerstones in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection (HFrEF). However, there are limited data on their risk-benefit profile in patients with acute heart failure requiring hospitalizations. Methods: We did a meta-analysis pooling data from all studies examining the use of ACEi/ARB in patients hospitalized for heart failure compared to patients without ACEi/ARB use. We calculated pooled hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Continued use of ACEi/ARBs in hospitalized patients with HFrEF was associated with lower 1-year mortality risk (pooled HR 0.68 [0.60–0.77] p < 0.001) and with lower 1–6-year mortality risk in those with heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (pooled HR 0.86 [0.78–0.94] p = 0.002). There were significant reductions in 1-year HF readmissions among hospitalized HFrEF patients (pooled HR 0.83 [0.73–0.95] p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maintaining or initiating patients with HFrEF hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) on ACEi/ARB is associated with a reduce risk of mortality and 1-year admissions, but the effect size is lower among those with HFpEF with more heterogeneous outcomes.