Drying of stingless bees pot-pollen using swirling fluidized bed dryer. Issue 1 (2nd January 2022)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Drying of stingless bees pot-pollen using swirling fluidized bed dryer. Issue 1 (2nd January 2022)
- Main Title:
- Drying of stingless bees pot-pollen using swirling fluidized bed dryer
- Authors:
- Abdul Halim, Luqman
Basrawi, Firdaus
Md Yudin, Ahmmad Shukrie
Abdul Razak, Amir
Johari, Nor Azfa
Muhamad, Azira
Mamat, Mohd Razif - Abstract:
- Abstract: High moisture content in stingless bees pot-pollen makes preservation difficult. Since pot-pollen is heat sensitive, using conventional drying techniques below 40 °C is time consuming. A fluidized bed dryer (FBD) with swirling distributor is proposed for rapid drying of the pot-pollen while conserving the nutrients. The objectives of this study are to investigate the possibility of using swirling FBD to dry pot-pollen, and to investigate the effect of distributor type and superficial air velocity on pot-pollen drying. Stingless bees pot-pollen from the state of Pahang, Malaysia was dried at different conditions. Three distributor types: perforated, 45° inclination angle, and 67° inclination angle were tested at three superficial air velocities of 1.0 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 2.0 m/s. Then, moisture content before and after drying were studied. To ensure swirling FBD would preserve the nutrition content of pot-pollen, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis on the pot-pollen before and after drying was also carried out. It was found that at higher velocity, the drying rate increased. The 67° swirling distributor has the best drying performance, followed by the 45° swirling and perforated distributor. The highest reduction in moisture content, 13.5% in this study was found when using 67° distributor at 2.0 m/s. This translates to a drying rate of 0.450%/min, about 6.2 times faster than conventional FBD, 5.6 times faster drying rate compared to hot air dryer (HAD) atAbstract: High moisture content in stingless bees pot-pollen makes preservation difficult. Since pot-pollen is heat sensitive, using conventional drying techniques below 40 °C is time consuming. A fluidized bed dryer (FBD) with swirling distributor is proposed for rapid drying of the pot-pollen while conserving the nutrients. The objectives of this study are to investigate the possibility of using swirling FBD to dry pot-pollen, and to investigate the effect of distributor type and superficial air velocity on pot-pollen drying. Stingless bees pot-pollen from the state of Pahang, Malaysia was dried at different conditions. Three distributor types: perforated, 45° inclination angle, and 67° inclination angle were tested at three superficial air velocities of 1.0 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 2.0 m/s. Then, moisture content before and after drying were studied. To ensure swirling FBD would preserve the nutrition content of pot-pollen, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis on the pot-pollen before and after drying was also carried out. It was found that at higher velocity, the drying rate increased. The 67° swirling distributor has the best drying performance, followed by the 45° swirling and perforated distributor. The highest reduction in moisture content, 13.5% in this study was found when using 67° distributor at 2.0 m/s. This translates to a drying rate of 0.450%/min, about 6.2 times faster than conventional FBD, 5.6 times faster drying rate compared to hot air dryer (HAD) at 45 °C, 44.5 times higher than oven drying at 30 °C, and also a staggering 225 times quicker than cyclic convective dryer (CCD). It is also comparable to lower power levels of microwave assisted vacuum dryer (MW-VD), without damaging pot-pollen nutrients. The NMR analysis showed no adverse effect due to drying. Hence, it is possible to dry pot-pollen rapidly using swirling FBD without damaging its nutrition content, and using the 67° swirling distributor is preferred. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Drying technology. Volume 40:Issue 1(2022)
- Journal:
- Drying technology
- Issue:
- Volume 40:Issue 1(2022)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 40, Issue 1 (2022)
- Year:
- 2022
- Volume:
- 40
- Issue:
- 1
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2022-0040-0001-0000
- Page Start:
- 197
- Page End:
- 204
- Publication Date:
- 2022-01-02
- Subjects:
- Drying -- stingless bees -- pollen -- fluidized bed
Drying -- Periodicals
Desiccation
660.28426 - Journal URLs:
- http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ldrt20/current ↗
http://www.tandfonline.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1080/07373937.2020.1781158 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0737-3937
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 3630.226500
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British Library STI - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 20434.xml