Bioengineering silk into blood vessels. (1st November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Lam, Yuen Ting; Tan, Richard P.; Michael, Praveesuda L.; Lau, Kieran; Yang, Nianji; Rnjak-Kovacina, Jelena; Wise, Steven G.
• Is Part Of: Biochemical Society transactions. Volume 49:Number 5(2021)
• Page Start: 2271
• Page End: 2286
• Publication Date: 2021-11-01
• Subjects: bioengineering -- silk fibroin -- vascular grafts; Biochemistry -- Congresses; 572
• DOI: 10.1042/BST20210359
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0300-5127

Abstract

Abstract : The rising incidence of cardiovascular disease has increased the demand for small diameter (<6 mm) synthetic vascular grafts for use in bypass surgery. Clinically available synthetic grafts (polyethylene terephthalate and expanded polytetrafluorethylene) are incredibly strong, but also highly hydrophobic and inelastic, leading to high rates of failure when used for small diameter bypass. The poor clinical outcomes of commercial synthetic grafts in this setting have driven significant research in search of new materials that retain favourable mechanical properties but offer improved biocompatibility. Over the last several decades, silk fibroin derived from Bombyx mori silkworms has emerged as a promising biomaterial for use in vascular applications. Progress has been driven by advances in silk manufacturing practices which have allowed unprecedented control over silk strength, architecture, and the ensuing biological response. Silk can now be manufactured to mimic the mechanical properties of native arteries, rapidly recover the native endothelial cell layer lining vessels, and direct positive vascular remodelling through the regulation of local inflammatory responses. This review summarises the advances in silk purification, processing and functionalisation which have allowed the production of robust vascular grafts with promise for future clinical application.