Estimating abilities of distributed energy resources in providing flexible ramp products for active distribution networks. (February 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ghaemi, Sina; Salehi, Javad; Moeini-Aghtaie, Moein
• Is Part Of: Sustainable cities and society. Volume 65(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-02
• Subjects: Active distribution network -- Flexible ramp products (FRPs) -- Robust optimization -- Local market -- Distributed energy resources (DERs); Sustainable urban development -- Periodicals; Sustainable buildings -- Periodicals; Urban ecology (Sociology) -- Periodicals; 307.76
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102593
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2210-6707

Abstract

Abstract: Growing demand for flexible ramp products (FRPs) to maintain the power balance in active distribution networks (ADNs) has expanded the use of costly fast-start generators in the upstream real-time market. In order to limit the power system's reliance on these units, it is necessary to establish new sources for providing ADNs with FRPs. In this context, the present paper examines the abilities of distributed energy resources (DERs) and active loads for supplying the ramp capacity demands of ADNs. Accordingly, a local real-time market was established in the ADN, empowering several DERs and active loads to provide the network's FRPs demands. The proposed market was formed in the context of a multi-period security constraint economic dispatch (SCED) problem. Besides, the uncertainties associated with renewable generation units and load consumption in the ADN were addressed by robust optimization. The proposed multi-period SCED problem was formulated linearly and in two stages. The first stage specifies the optimal dispatch results for the binding interval based on the network's current conditions, whereas an adaptive robust SCED problem is handled in the second stage considering future periods. The local market developed within a two-stage robust multi-period SCED problem was then solved using a column-and-constraint generation method selected for its computational efficiency. Finally, the proposed market was studied on the modified 33-bus distribution network. The results indicated that DERs have sufficient capacity to support the ADN ramp capacity requirement. Highlights: Network's dependency on the upstream system for supplying ramp capacity is reduced. The proposed market brings financial gains for the active distribution network. Local energy resources and loads have enough abilities to supply ramp capacities. Maximum capacity and given price affect on a share of units in operating reserve.