Advances in viral oncolytics for treatment of multiple myeloma – a focused review. Issue 12 (2nd December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sarwar, Ayesha; Hashim, Laila; Faisal, Muhammad Salman; Haider, Mobeen Zaka; Ahmed, Zahoor; Ahmed, Tehniat Faraz; Shahzad, Moazzam; Ansar, Iqraa; Ali, Sundas; Aslam, Muhammad Muaaz; Anwer, Faiz
• Is Part Of: Expert review of hematology. Volume 14:Issue 12(2021)
• Page Start: 1071
• Page End: 1083
• Publication Date: 2021-12-02
• Subjects: Multiple myeloma -- oncolytic virotherapy -- measles virus -- reovirus -- vesicular-stomatitis virus -- myxoma virus -- adenovirus -- vaccinia virus -- coxsackie virus -- mengo virus -- bovine virus; Hematology -- Periodicals; 616.15005
• DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2021.1972802
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1747-4086

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Oncolytic viruses are genetically engineered viruses that target myeloma-affected cells by detecting specific cell surface receptors (CD46, CD138), causing cell death by activating the signaling pathway to induce apoptosis or by immune-mediated cellular destruction. Areas covered: This article summarizes oncolytic virotherapy advancements such as the therapeutic use of viruses by targeting cell surface proteins of myeloma cells as well as the carriers to deliver viruses to the target tissues safely. The major classes of viruses that have been studied for this include measles, myxoma, adenovirus, reovirus, vaccinia, vesicular-stomatitis virus, coxsackie, and others. The measles virus acts as oncolytic viral therapy by binding to the CD46 receptors on the myeloma cells to utilize its surface H protein. These H-protein and CD46 interactions lead to cellular syncytia formation resulting in cellular apoptosis. Vesicular-stomatitis virus acts by downregulation of anti-apoptotic factors (Mcl-2, BCL-2). Based upon the published literature searches till December 2020, we have summarized the data supporting the advances in viral oncolytic for the treatment of MM. Expert opinion: Oncolytic virotherapy is an experimental approach in multiple myeloma (MM); many issues need to be addressed for safe viral delivery to the target tissue