Computational fluid dynamics simulation of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol dispersion inside a grocery store. (1st February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhang, Mingkan; Shrestha, Prateek; Liu, Xiaobing; Turnaoglu, Tugba; DeGraw, Jason; Schafer, Dustin; Love, Nathan
• Is Part Of: Building and environment. Volume 209(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-02-01
• Subjects: Buildings -- Environmental engineering -- Periodicals; Building -- Research -- Periodicals; Constructions -- Technique de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 696
• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108652
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-1323

Abstract

Abstract: Grocery stores provide essential services to communities all over the world. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated better understanding of the transport and dynamics of aerosolized viruses, particularly for the assessment of infection transmission risk within grocery stores and for other providers of essential services. In this study, a 3D computational fluid dynamics model was developed for a medium-sized grocery store in the United States using Ansys Fluent software. Different cases were simulated of a single infected person releasing viral aerosols with and without wearing a face mask. Results showed characteristic airflow and temperature distribution patterns inside the store that can drive the indoor dispersal of viral aerosols. Unsteady spatial distribution of mean age of air was used as a metric to indirectly quantify areas of higher risk of infection. Several factors affected the localization of suspended viral aerosols. Major recirculation patterns in certain locations of the store caused by persistent eddies were primarily attributed to increased mean age of air. The maximum mean age of air in the grocery store was found to be less than 30 min. Simulation results indicate that, without wearing a face mask, the aerosol particles released from a coughing infected person can be spread throughout nearly one-quarter of the grocery store in less than 6 min. The source-control strategy with a face mask showed significant reduction of viral aerosols being dispersed indoors. Highlights: The airflow inside a typical medium-sized grocery store is modeled with CFD. The transport of released particles is modeled based on the airflow pattern. Particles from a coughing person spread into more than 25% of the store in 6 min. Wearing a mask can significantly reduce the spreading of particles. The mean age in the grocery store was always less than 30 min.