Γδ T cells in artiodactyls: Focus on swine. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Le Page, Lauren; Baldwin, Cynthia L.; Telfer, Janice C.
• Is Part Of: Developmental and comparative immunology. Volume 128(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: γδ T cells -- Swine -- Ruminants -- WC1 -- Pathogens -- IFNγ -- IL-17; APC antigen presenting cell -- ASF African swine fever -- BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin -- CLR C-type lectin receptors -- DAMP damage associated molecular pattern -- IL interleukin -- IFN interferon -- mAb monoclonal antibody -- NOD nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain -- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells -- PAMP pathogen associated molecular pattern -- PRR pattern recognition receptor -- SRCR scavenger receptor cysteine rich -- TCR T cell receptor -- TLR Toll-like receptor -- TNF tumor necrosis factor -- WC1 workshop cluster 1 -- PBL peripheral blood lymphocytes -- FMD foot and mouth disease -- CSF Classical swine fever -- PRRS porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome -- pDC plasmacytoid dendritic cells -- MHC major histocompaticility complex -- IEL intraepithelial lymphocyte -- GM-CSF granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor; Immunology -- Periodicals; Developmental immunology -- Periodicals; 616.079
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104334
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0145-305X

Abstract

Abstract: Vaccination is the most effective medical strategy for disease prevention but there is a need to improve livestock vaccine efficacy. Understanding the structure of the immune system of swine, which are considered a γδ T cell "high" species, and thus, particularly how to engage their γδ T cells for immune responses, may allow for development of vaccine optimization strategies. The propensity of γδ T cells to home to specific tissues, secrete pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, exhibit memory or recall responses and even function as antigen-presenting cells for αβ T cells supports the concept that they have enormous potential for priming by next generation vaccine constructs to contribute to protective immunity. γδ T cells exhibit several innate-like antigen recognition properties including the ability to recognize antigen in the absence of presentation via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules enabling γδ T cells to recognize an array of peptides but also non-peptide antigens in a T cell receptor-dependent manner. γδ T cell subpopulations in ruminants and swine can be distinguished based on differential expression of the hybrid co-receptor and pattern recognition receptors (PRR) known as workshop cluster 1 (WC1). Expression of various PRR and other innate-like immune receptors diversifies the antigen recognition potential of γδ T cells. Finally, γδ T cells in livestock are potent producers of critical master regulator cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, whose production orchestrates downstream cytokine and chemokine production by other cells, thereby shaping the immune response as a whole. Our knowledge of the biology, receptor expression and response to infectious diseases by swine γδ T cells is reviewed here. Highlights: Swine are a γδ T cell high species Swine γδ T cells are heterologous Swine subpopulations are defined by WC1, CD2 and CD8 expression Swine γδ TCR diversity narrows with animal aging Swine γδ T cells are active participants in infectious disease Swine γδ T cells present antigen, produce IL-17 and IFN-gamma