Using deterministic and probabilistic approaches to assess the human health risk assessment of 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (10th January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhang, Xiao; Wang, Xiaolei; Zhao, Xiaoli; Tang, Zhi; Zhao, Tianhui; Teng, Miaomiao; Liang, Weigang; Wang, Junyu; Niu, Lin
• Is Part Of: Journal of cleaner production. Volume 331(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-01-10
• Subjects: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- Incremental lifetime cancer risk -- Deterministic approach -- Probabilistic approach -- Multimedia multipathway exposure model; Factory and trade waste -- Management -- Periodicals; Manufactures -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Déchets industriels -- Gestion -- Périodiques; Usines -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; 628.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129811
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-6526

Abstract

Abstract: Due to the extensive use of fossil fuels in the Bohai Rim region (BRR) in China, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution is severe. Seven carcinogenic PAHs (PAH7 ) with a moderate to high carcinogenicity in regard to human health were studied in the BRR. Severe PAH7 pollution was observed in indoor and outdoor atmospheric particulate matter (69.59 and 63.59 ng/m 3, respectively) and outdoor soil (508.41 ng/g). Among the various media, B[b, k]F contributed the most to the initial PAH concentration (10.08–62.54%), while BaP and DahA, with a toxic equivalency factor (TEF) of 1.0, were the main compounds in terms of the toxic equivalent concentration of PAHs (53.71–83.00%). The incremental lifetime carcinogenic risks (ILCRs) of PAH7 for various population groups of different ages and sexes in the BRR were assessed based on a multimedia multipathway exposure model using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Additionally, exposure parameters conforming to local characteristics were considered in ILCR assessment. There were no significant differences in the total ILCR (ILCRstotal ) between males and females in the results of the two methods. However, the ILCRstotal value of reasonable maximum exposure (RME) (the level protecting more than 95% of the general population) for adults (1.47 × 10 −4 -1.56 × 10 −4 ) was higher than the upper limit of the acceptable carcinogenic risk (10 −4 ) and significantly higher than that for teenagers, children, and toddlers (3.47 × 10 −5 -3.81 × 10 −5 ) ( p < 0.01 ). There were potentially high carcinogenic risks in four age groups, especially in adults group, which should be of concern. The comparison of deterministic and probabilistic approaches indicated that the deterministic approach could overestimate or underestimate the true risks of PAH7, and the probabilistic method could reliably assess the risks of PAH7 by considering the variability and uncertainty in input variables. This study is important for the assessment and control of PAH7 and provides a significant example for the accurate management of chemicals. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The ILCRs for the all age groups are higher than the acceptable lower limit (10 −6 ). ILCRs for adults are significantly higher than those for other ages due to ED. Local parameters and probabilistic method can assess the risks of PAH7 reliably. Multimedia multipathway exposure model is a useful tool for health risk assessment.