Neuroimmune interactions and immunoengineering strategies in peripheral nerve repair. (January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wofford, Kathryn L.; Shultz, Robert B.; Burrell, Justin C.; Cullen, D. Kacy
• Is Part Of: Progress in neurobiology. Volume 208(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-01
• Subjects: BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor -- CaMKII calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II -- CCL chemokine ligand -- CD cluster of differentiation -- CNS central nervous system -- DRG dorsal root ganglia -- ECM extracellular matrix -- FK506 Tacrolimus -- Gas6 growth arrest-specific 6 -- GDNF glial-derived neurotrophic factor -- HIF-1α hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha -- IFN interferon -- IL interleukin -- LIF leukemia inhibitory factor -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- MAG myelin-associated glycoprotein -- MAOA monoamine oxidase A -- MCP-1 monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 -- MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases -- NGF nerve growth factor -- NMJ neuromuscular junction -- NRG neuregulin -- NT neurotrophin -- PAP-III pancreatitis-associated protein III -- PNI Peripheral nerve injury -- PNS peripheral nervous system -- RAGs regeneration-associated genes -- SAMs Sympathetic neuron-associated macrophages -- SLC6A2 solute carrier family 6 member 2 -- TIMPs Tissue inhibitor of MMPs -- TNFα tumor necrosis factor α -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor; Peripheral nerve injury -- Immunoengineering -- Immunomodulation -- Macrophages -- Regeneration; Neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurobiologie -- Périodiques; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102172
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-0082

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Immunosuppressive treatments generally reduce nerve regeneration after injury. Macrophages exhibit diverse phenotypes to guide successful nerve regeneration. Immunomodulatory therapies offer promise for treating peripheral nerve injuries. Abstract: Peripheral nerve injuries result in disrupted cellular communication between the central nervous system and somatic distal end targets. The peripheral nervous system is capable of independent and extensive regeneration; however, meaningful target muscle reinnervation and functional recovery remain limited and may result in chronic neuropathic pain and diminished quality of life. Macrophages, the primary innate immune cells of the body, are critical contributors to regeneration of the injured peripheral nervous system. However, in some clinical scenarios, macrophages may fail to provide adequate support with optimal timing, duration, and location. Here, we review the history of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory strategies to treat nerve injuries. Thereafter, we enumerate the ways in which macrophages contribute to successful nerve regeneration. We argue that implementing macrophage-based immunomodulatory therapies is a promising treatment strategy for nerve injuries across a wide range of clinical presentations.