Reducing environmental risks of chlorpyrifos application in typical soils by adding appropriate exogenous organic matter: Evidence from a simulated paddy field experiment. (15th January 2022) - Shen, Dahang
Abstract: Chlorpyrifos (CPF), as an organophosphate insecticide extensively used in the modern agricultural system, has been gradually banned in many countries due to its reported health risks to organisms, including humans. This study used simulated paddy field experiments and carbon-14 tracing to explore the possibility of reducing environmental risks of chlorpyrifos application through appropriate agronomic practice. Results showed 14 C-CPF concentration in rice plants planted in the red soil (RS) was significantly higher than that in black soil (BS) and fluvo-aquic soil (FS). The application of biochar and chicken manure in RS reduced 14 C-CPF accumulation in rice plants, and the content of 14 C-CPF in rice grains decreased by 25% and 50%, respectively. Adding biochar to all three soils reduced the migration of 14 C-CPF, especially in FS with the highest risk of 14 C-CPF migration. The addition of chicken manure in FS reduced the migration of 14 C-CPF and the total residual amount of 14 C-CPF in the soil. In addition, chicken manure treatment increased the formation of 14 C-bound residues (BRs) in soils and changed the distribution 14 C-BRs in humus. The results indicated that the degree of environmental risks associated with the CPF application varies with soil types and could be reduced by introducing suitable exogenous organic matter into different soils, which is of great significance for guiding the scientific application of chlorpyrifos in agronomic practices. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The environmental risks of chlorpyrifos application vary with soil types. Adding organic matter to red soils decreased chlorpyrifos accumulation in plants. The addition of biochar in soils decreased the risk of chlorpyrifos leaching. Chicken manure treatment promoted the formation of 14 C-bound residues. Environmental risk of CPF can be reduced by appropriate agricultural management.