The impact of environmental and occupational exposures of manganese on pulmonary, hepatic, and renal functions. Issue 1 (8th July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gandhi, Deepa; Rudrashetti, Ashwinkumar P.; Rajasekaran, Subbiah
• Is Part Of: Journal of applied toxicology. Volume 42:Issue 1(2022)
• Page Start: 103
• Page End: 129
• Publication Date: 2021-07-08
• Subjects: environmental and occupational exposures -- experimental studies -- human health effects -- manganese -- multi‐organ toxicity -- transition metal; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Industrial toxicology -- Periodicals; Environmentally induced diseases -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; 615.9005
• DOI: 10.1002/jat.4214
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0260-437X

Abstract

Abstract: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element for humans, but long‐term environmental or occupational exposures can lead to numerous health problems. Although many studies have identified an association between Mn exposures and neurological abnormalities, emerging data suggest that occupationally and environmentally relevant levels of Mn may also be linked to multiple organ dysfunction in the general population. In this regard, many experimental and clinical studies provide support for a causal link between Mn exposure and structural and functional changes that are responsible for organ dysfunction in major organs like lung, liver, and kidney. The underlying mechanisms suggested to Mn toxicity include altered activities of the components of intracellular signaling cascades, oxidative stress, apoptosis, affected cell cycle regulation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and an inflammatory response. We further discussed the sources and possible mechanisms of Mn absorption and distribution in different organs. Finally, treatment strategies available for treating Mn toxicity as well as directions for future studies were discussed. Abstract : A comprehensive review was executed to find out the effect of high levels of manganese exposure on major organs, including lung, liver, and kidney. Many experimental and clinical studies reveal a causal link between manganese exposure and organ dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are oxidative stress, apoptosis, affected cell cycle regulation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and an inflammatory response. Hence, manganese toxicity occurs to organs other than brain as a result of industrial and/or environmental exposures.