Ecological and human health risks of manure-borne steroid estrogens: A 20-year global synthesis study. (1st January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gudda, Fredrick Owino; Ateia, Mohamed; Waigi, Michael Gatheru; Wang, Jian; Gao, Yanzheng
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental management. Volume 301(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-01-01
• Subjects: 17β-estradiol equivalent -- Low dose -- Endocrine disruptors -- Predicted environmental concentration -- Feedlot effluent; Environmental policy -- Periodicals; Environmental management -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Ecology -- Periodicals; 363.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113708
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-4797

Abstract

Abstract: Estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), and estriol (E3) are persistent in livestock manure and present serious pollution concerns because they can trigger endocrine disruption at part-per-trillion levels. This study conducted a global analysis of estrogen occurrence in manure using all literature data over the past 20 years. Besides, predicted environmental concentration (PEC) in soil and water was estimated using fate models, and risk/harm quotient (RQ/HQ) methods were applied to screen risks on children as well as on sensitive aquatic and soil species. The estradiol equivalent values ranged from 6.6 to 4.78 × 10 4 ng/g and 12.4 to 9.46 × 10 4 ng/L in the solid and liquid fraction. The estrogenic potency ranking in both fractions were 17β-E2> E1>17α-E2>E3. RQs of measured environmental concentration in the liquid fraction pose medium (E3) to high risk (E1, 17α-E2 & 17β-E2) to fish but are lower than risks posed by xenoestrogens. However, the RQ of PECs on both soil organisms and aquatic species were insignificant (RQ < 0.01), and HQs of contaminated water and soil ingestion were within acceptable limits. Nevertheless, meticulous toxicity studies are still required to confirm (or deny) the findings because endocrine disruption potency from mixtures of these classes of compounds cannot be ignored. Highlights: Global manure-borne estrogen occurrence data for 20-year period were synthesized. Levels in soil and water were estimated based on occurrence data using fate models. Risk/harm quotient was applied to screen risks on sensitive species and children. Occurrence levels pose plausible risk but estimated levels have insignificant risks. Toxicity studies are required on endocrine disruption potency in manure mixtures.