Chikungunya alphavirus infection in the nervous system and possible mechanisms of pathogenesis. (November 2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gasque, Philippe; Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie Christine
• Is Part Of: Future virology. Volume 10:Number 11(2015)
• Page Start: 1207
• Page End: 1215
• Publication Date: 2015-11
• Subjects: alarmin -- apoptosis -- astrocyte -- choroid plexus -- ependymal cells -- microglia -- neuroinfection -- neuroinflammation; Virology -- Periodicals; Virus diseases -- Treatment -- Periodicals; 616.9101
• DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.88
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1746-0794

Abstract

Chikungunya alphavirus (CHIKV) is transmitted by mosquitoes. Recent worldwide epidemics have revealed that CHIKV infects mainly muscles and joint tissues. Patients will suffer from arthralgia from months to years and leading to chronic arthritis. While CHIKV neuroinfection of susceptible hosts such as neonates is rare, it can lead to severe meningoencephalitis and encephalitis. CHIKV preferentially targets astrocytes, ependymal cells as well as epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. Remarkably, neurons are relatively spared but could suffer from the inflammatory response mounted by glial cells and recruited leukocytes. Interferon and related molecules as well as apoptosis will control the infectious challenge. Protective measures are critically needed and involving vaccination or passive immunization particularly in areas at risk of emerging epidemics.