Benzalkonium chlorides (C12) inhibits growth but motivates microcystins release of Microcystis aeruginosa revealed by morphological, physiological, and iTRAQ investigation. (1st January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Qian, Yao; He, Yixin; Li, Hong; Yi, Meiling; Zhang, Lilan; Zhang, Linjie; Liu, Li; Lu, Zhaohui
• Is Part Of: Environmental pollution. Volume 292:Part A(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-01-01
• Subjects: Benzalkonium chlorides -- Microcystis aeruginosa -- Photosynthesis -- Proteomic -- Microcystin; QACs Quaternary ammonium compounds -- BAC(C12): Benzalkonium chlorides HTCC -- Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt ATMA -- Alkyltrimethylammonium EC50: Concentration for 50% of maximal effect -- iTRAQ The Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification -- Fv/Fm The Maximum Quantum Yield for primary Photochemistry -- SOD Superoxide dismutase -- MDA Malondialdehyde -- ROS Reactive oxygen species -- TEM Transmission electron microscope -- KEGG The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental Pollution -- Periodicals; Pollution -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; Pollution -- Effets physiologiques -- Périodiques; Pollution; Pollution -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 363.73
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118305
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0269-7491

Abstract

Abstract: Due to the large-scale outbreak of Corona Virus Disease (2019), amounts of disinfecting agents was regularly used in public environments and their potential toxicity towards organisms needed to be appreciated. Thus, one mostly used cationic disinfectant, benzalkonium chlorides (BAC(C12)), was selected to assess its potential toxicity one common cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa ( M. aeruginosa ) in this study. The aims were to explore the toxic effect and mechanism of BAC (C12) on M. aeruginosa growth within 96 h via morphological, physiological, and the relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics variations. The results found that BAC(C12) significantly inhibited cell density of M. aeruginosa at concentrations from 1 mg/L to 10 mg/L, and the 96-h EC 50 value was identified to be 3.61 mg/L. Under EC 50 concentration, BAC(C12) depressed the photosynthesis activities of M. aeruginosa exhibited by 36% decline of the maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) value and denaturation of photosynthetic organelle, caused oxidative stress response displayed by the increase of three indexes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and destroyed the integrity of cell membranes demonstrated by TEM images and the increase of ex-cellular substances. Then, the iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis demonstrated that BAC(C12) depressed photosynthesis activities through inhibiting the expressions of photosynthetic protein and photosynthetic electron transport related proteins. The suppression of electron transport also led to the increase of superoxide radicals and then posed oxidative stress on cell. Meantime, the 63.63% ascent of extracellular microcystin production of M. aeruginosa was observed, attributing to the high expression of microcystin synthesis proteins and the damage of cell membrane. In sum, BAC(C12) exposure inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa mainly by depressing photosynthesis, inducing oxidative stress, and breaking the cell membrane. And, it enhanced the release of microcystin from the cyanobacterial cells via up-regulating the microcystin synthesis proteins and inducing the membrane damage, which could enlarge its toxicity to aquatic species. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: The toxic effects and mechanism of BAC(C12) on M. aeruginosa were firstly assessed. BAC(C12) depressed the photosynthetic activities via denaturing related organelle. BAC(C12) caused oxidative damage by producing superoxide radicals. BAC(C12) destroyed the integrity of cell membrane. BAC(C12) enhanced the production and release of microcystin.