Fire‐ and herbivory‐driven consumer control in a savanna‐like temperate wood‐pasture: An experimental approach. (10th October 2021)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Fire‐ and herbivory‐driven consumer control in a savanna‐like temperate wood‐pasture: An experimental approach. (10th October 2021)
- Main Title:
- Fire‐ and herbivory‐driven consumer control in a savanna‐like temperate wood‐pasture: An experimental approach
- Authors:
- Amsten, Karin
Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M.
Kuijper, Dries P. J.
Loberg, Jenny M.
Churski, Marcin
Niklasson, Mats - Abstract:
- Abstract: Fire and herbivory are fundamental top‐down processes, structuring grass–tree ratios in ecosystems across a diversity of climates. Both are plant consumers that can strongly control the recruitment of woody seedlings and saplings to taller height classes. Without consumer control, many grass‐dominated ecosystems would convert into woodlands or forests. While extensively studied in savannas, few have explored the effects of these disturbance regimes on woody recruitment under temperate conditions. We exposed saplings of five common European tree species to fire and herbivory in a full factorial experiment in a savanna‐like wood‐pasture. After 3 years, we evaluated the effects of fire and herbivory on tree sapling survival and height increment. The tree species used, varying in traits and in expected response to fire and herbivory, were Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, Norway spruce Picea abies, European oak Quercus robur, Silver birch Betula pendula and Small‐leaved lime Tilia cordata . Fire and herbivory had a negative effect on sapling survival for all species except for Q. robur, which was not affected by fire. Both processes reduced height increment of B. pendula, while only herbivory reduced the height increment of P. sylvestris and Q. robur . At the same time, B. pendula and P. sylvestris had some of the highest increments, together with P. abies, which had unaffected height increment in all treatments. T. cordata, on the other hand, had a negative heightAbstract: Fire and herbivory are fundamental top‐down processes, structuring grass–tree ratios in ecosystems across a diversity of climates. Both are plant consumers that can strongly control the recruitment of woody seedlings and saplings to taller height classes. Without consumer control, many grass‐dominated ecosystems would convert into woodlands or forests. While extensively studied in savannas, few have explored the effects of these disturbance regimes on woody recruitment under temperate conditions. We exposed saplings of five common European tree species to fire and herbivory in a full factorial experiment in a savanna‐like wood‐pasture. After 3 years, we evaluated the effects of fire and herbivory on tree sapling survival and height increment. The tree species used, varying in traits and in expected response to fire and herbivory, were Scots pine Pinus sylvestris, Norway spruce Picea abies, European oak Quercus robur, Silver birch Betula pendula and Small‐leaved lime Tilia cordata . Fire and herbivory had a negative effect on sapling survival for all species except for Q. robur, which was not affected by fire. Both processes reduced height increment of B. pendula, while only herbivory reduced the height increment of P. sylvestris and Q. robur . At the same time, B. pendula and P. sylvestris had some of the highest increments, together with P. abies, which had unaffected height increment in all treatments. T. cordata, on the other hand, had a negative height increment across all treatments. Overall, the combined effect of fire and herbivory was similar to the effect of herbivory alone on both survival and height increment, indicating no additional effect of fire when herbivores were present. Synthesis . Our experiment showed how fire and herbivory can strongly affect the recruitment of European temperate tree saplings on a wood‐pasture, potentially leading to comparable consumer control described for ecosystems elsewhere (e.g. savannas). Two strategies to deal with fire and herbivory were identified: tolerance ( Q. robur ) and avoidance ( P. sylvestris and B . pendula ). We conclude that both fire and herbivory may have been important drivers of structure and species composition in open ecosystems in temperate Europe in the past. Abstract : Our experiment show how fire and herbivory can strongly control the recruitment of European temperate tree saplings, previously described for savannas. Two strategies to survive were identified; tolerance and avoidance. We conclude that these two consumers may have been important drivers of structure and composition in open ecosystems in temperate Europe in the past. Sammanfattning: Brand och bete är viktiga processer som reglerar förhållanden mellan gräs och träd i ekosystem i en rad olika klimat. Båda konsumerar växtbiomassa och kan därmed kontrollera tillväxten av vedartade växter. Utan dessa processer skulle många gräsdominerade ekosystem omvandlas till skogsmarker eller skogar. Det har gjorts omfattande studier på detta i bl.a. savanner men få har undersökt effekterna av dessa störningsregimer på träd och buskar under tempererade förhållanden. Vi exponerade plantor av fem vanliga europeiska trädslag för brand och bete i ett fullskaligt experiment på en savannliknande skogsbetesmark. Efter tre år utvärderade vi effekterna av brand och bete på trädplantornas överlevnad och tillväxt. De trädslag som användes, varierande i egenskaper och i förväntad effekt från brand och bete, var tall Pinus sylvestris, gran Picea abies, europeisk ek Quercus robur, vårtbjörk Betula pendula och skogslind Tilia cordata . Brand och bete hade en negativ effekt på plantornas överlevnad för alla arter utom Q. robur, som inte påverkades av brand. Båda processerna minskade tillväxten av B. pendula, medan endast bete minskade tillväxten av P. sylvestris och Q. robur . Samtidigt hade B. pendula och P. sylvestris de högsta tillväxterna, tillsammans med P. abies, som hade opåverkad tillväxt i alla behandlingar. T. cordata, å andra sidan, hade en negativt tillväxt över alla behandlingar. Den kombinerade effekten av bete och brand liknade effekten av bara bete både gällande överlevnad och tillväxt, vilket indikerar ingen ytterligare effekt av brand när växtätare var närvarande. Syntes . Vårt experiment visar hur brand och bete kan påverka rekryteringen av plantor av europeiska tempererade trädarter på en skogsbetesmark, vilket potentiellt kan leda till jämförbara processer som beskrivs för andra ekosystem, t.ex. savanner. Två strategier för att hantera bete och brand identifierades; att tolerera ( Q. robur ) eller att undvikande störningen ( P. sylvestris och B. pendula ). Vi drar slutsatsen att både brand och bete även förr kan ha varit viktiga drivkrafter för struktur och artsammansättning i öppna ekosystem i tempererat Europa. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of ecology. Volume 109:Number 12(2021)
- Journal:
- Journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 109:Number 12(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 109, Issue 12 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 109
- Issue:
- 12
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0109-0012-0000
- Page Start:
- 4103
- Page End:
- 4114
- Publication Date:
- 2021-10-10
- Subjects:
- consumer control -- disturbance regime -- fire -- herbivory -- landscape ecology -- temperate ecosystem -- tree sapling recruitment
Plant ecology -- Periodicals
577.05 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2745 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2745.13783 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0022-0477
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- 20191.xml