Cell Proliferation and Tumor Induction by Ochratoxin A in Mouse Skin and Evaluation of Cyclin D1 and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expressions. (25th October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yang, Sai; Wen, Yajia
• Other Names: Khalaf Osamah Ibrahim Academic Editor.
• Is Part Of: Computational and mathematical methods in medicine. Volume 2021(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-10-25
• Subjects: Medicine -- Computer simulation -- Periodicals; Medicine -- Mathematical models -- Periodicals; 610.11
• DOI: 10.1155/2021/1723486
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1748-670X

Abstract

Abstract : Motivation . Skin tumor is one of the frequent occurring forms of cancer where 2-3 million instances are reported worldwide. The ultraviolet rays along with the environmental pollutants and other contaminants can be the potential factors of skin cancer. Cyclin D1 is a serious gene included in controlling the development through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally existing mycotoxin which majorly occurs in food like grains. It is responsible for producing the splitting of single-strand DNA and is identified to be cancer-causing. It is established as a critical risk factor towards reproductive health in both males and females. Methodology . A single dose of ochratoxin A was used for topical application for assessment of skin tumor promotion activity, hyperplasia, ornithine decarboxylase activity, and expression of cyclin D1 and COX-2 in mouse skin. Enhancement in the synthesis of DNA, activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, and overexpression of cyclin D1 and COX-2 were noted. Primary murine keratinocyte cell culture was cultured with Waymouth's medium. Western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of cyclin D1 and COX-2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to the association between AP-1 transcription and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- κ B) with COX-2 and cyclin D1 promoters. Results . The results found that cyclin D1 and COX-2 were responsible for stimulating OTA-induced PMK proliferation and hyperplasia. Implications . EGFR-mediated pathways were also responsible for tumor promotion due to OTA.