Harmonized comparison of virgin steel production using biomass with carbon capture and storage for negative emissions. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yang, Fan; Meerman, Hans; Faaij, André
• Is Part Of: International journal of greenhouse gas control. Volume 112(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Iron and steel industry -- Biomass -- CCS -- CO2 reduction -- CO2 avoidance cost -- Negative emission; ASU Air separation unit -- BECCS Biomass combined with CO2 capture and storage -- BF Blast furnace -- BFG Blast furnace gas -- Bio Biomass -- BOF Basic oxygen furnace -- BOFG Basic oxygen furnace gas -- CAPEX Capital expenditures -- CCS CO2 capture and storage -- COG Coke oven gas -- DRI Direct reduced iron -- EAF Electric arc furnace -- GHG Greenhouse gas -- HRC Hot rolled coil -- MDEA/Pz Methyl diethanolamine/piperazine -- IC Installed cost -- MEA Monoethanolamine -- NG Natural gas -- OHF Open hearth furnaces -- PCI Pulverized coal injection; Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Air -- Purification -- Technological innovations -- Periodicals; Gaz à effet de serre -- Périodiques; Gaz à effet de serre -- Réduction -- Périodiques; Air -- Purification -- Technological innovations; Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects; Periodicals; 363.73874605
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103519
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1750-5836

Abstract

Highlights: Techno-economic and GHG evaluation of CCS and/or biomass in virgin steel production. Harmonization of process designs, methodology and data to allow comparison between different current and novel production routes. Maximization of CCS and biomass potentials by applying CCS at all flue gas streams and using pre-treated biomass. All routes can reach net negative emissions when using BECCS with import of carbon neutral electricity. The net negative GHG emission routes result in CO2 avoidance cost of 59 - 157 €/t CO2 . Abstract: A harmonized method was developed to assess CO2 mitigation performance and avoidance costs for different steel production routes, including blast furnace with blast oxygen furnace (BOF), direct reduced iron (DRI) production with electric arc furnace (EAF), and Hisarna with BOF. Mass and energy balances were used to evaluate each route's cradle-to-gate CO2eq emissions. Results indicate that using either CO2 capture and storage (CCS) or biomass can reduce, but not eliminate, CO2eq emissions in the iron and steel sector. However, the combination of CCS and biomass (BECCS) can result in CO2 -neutral or even CO2 -negative steelmaking. The results show that implementation of BECCS is possible at an avoidance cost < 100 €/t CO2eq . BECCS combined with carbon neutral electricity has a CO2 mitigation potential of 107–139% with CO2 avoidance costs of 59–157 €/t CO2eq . Reducing biomass upstream emissions could further improve these results. The Biomass-DRI-EAF-CCS route has the highest CO2 mitigation potential (146%), while the Biomass-Hisarna-BOF-CCS route has the lowest CO2 avoidance cost (54 €/t CO2eq ). This study indicates that the developed harmonized methodology can also be applied in other industrial sectors to screen different portfolios of mitigation options.