Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos are highly sensitive to short-term 3, 4-dichloroaniline exposure. (2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hansen, Bjørn Henrik; Farkas, Julia; Piarulli, Stefania; Vicario, Silvia; Kvæstad, Bjarne; Williamson, David R.; Sørensen, Lisbet; Davies, Emlyn John; Nordtug, Trond
• Is Part Of: Toxicology reports. Volume 8(2021)
• Page Start: 1754
• Page End: 1761
• Publication Date: 2021
• Subjects: 3, 4-DCA -- Emerging pollutants -- Comparative ecotoxicity -- Embryotoxicity -- Cardiotoxicity; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Clinical toxicology -- Periodicals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hazardous Substances; Poisoning; Toxicology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 571.9505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.10.006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2214-7500

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Atlantic cod embryos were exposed to for 4 days to 8−747 μg 3, 4-DCA/L followed by recovery in clean sea water for 7 days. Compared to comparable tests un literature, Atlantic cod was far more sensitive to acute exposure. Cardiac, developmental and morphometric alterations to larvae suggest long-term effects of transient embryonic exposure. Abstract: 3, 4-dichloroaniline (3, 4-DCA) is one of the most widely produced anilines world-wide, used in plastic packaging, fabrics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and paints as well as being a degradation product of several pesticides. 3, 4-DCA has been detected in freshwater, brackish and marine environments. Although freshwater toxicity thresholds exist, very little toxicological information is available on marine and cold-water species. In this study, we exposed Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) embryos (3–7 days post fertilization) to 3, 4-DCA concentrations ranging from 8−747 μg/L for 4 days followed by a recovery period in clean sea water until 14 days post fertilization (dpf). The cod embryos were significantly more sensitive to acute 3, 4-DCA exposure compared to other species tested and reported in the literature. At the highest concentration (747 μg/L), no embryos survived until hatch, and even at the lowest concentration (8 μg/L), a small, but significant increase in mortality was observed at 14 dpf. Delayed and concentration-dependent effects on surviving yolk-sac larvae, manifested as cardiac, developmental and morphometric alterations, more than a week after exposure suggest potential long-term effects of transient embryonic exposure to low concentrations of 3, 4-DCA.