Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles: Toxicity concerns associated with their physical state and remediation for biomedical applications. (2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Manuja, Anju; Kumar, Balvinder; Kumar, Rajesh; Chhabra, Dharvi; Ghosh, Mayukh; Manuja, Mayank; Brar, Basanti; Pal, Yash; Tripathi, B.N.; Prasad, Minakshi
• Is Part Of: Toxicology reports. Volume 8(2021)
• Page Start: 1970
• Page End: 1978
• Publication Date: 2021
• Subjects: Metal oxide nanoparticles -- Metallic nanoparticles -- Toxicity -- Physicochemical properties -- Delivery -- Artificial intelligence -- Metal-organic frameworks; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Clinical toxicology -- Periodicals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hazardous Substances; Poisoning; Toxicology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 571.9505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.020
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2214-7500

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Physiochemical interactions and molecular mechanism of metal/metal oxides'toxicity. Remediation to reduce the toxicity of metal nanoparticles. Delivery approaches through polymers, responsive surface alteration, metal oraganic frameworks. Artificial intelligence/Computational approach for predicting toxicity based on physicochemical characteristics. Abstract: Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles show promise for various applications, including diagnosis, treatment, theranostics, sensors, cosmetics, etc. Their altered chemical, optical, magnetic, and structural properties have differential toxicity profiles. Depending upon their physical state, these NPs can also change their properties due to alteration in pH, interaction with proteins, lipids, blood cells, and genetic material. Metallic nanomaterials (comprised of a single metal element) tend to be relatively stable and do not readily undergo dissolution. Contrarily, metal oxide and metal alloy-based nanomaterials tend to exhibit a lower degree of stability and are more susceptible to dissolution and ion release when introduced to a biological milieu, leading to reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress to cells. Since NPs have considerable mobility in various biological tissues, the investigation related to their adverse effects is a critical issue and required to be appropriately addressed before their biomedical applications. Short and long-term toxicity assessment of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles or their nano-formulations is of paramount importance to ensure the global biome's safety; otherwise, to face a fiasco. This article provides a comprehensive introspection regarding the effects of metal/metal oxides' physical state, their surface properties, the possible mechanism of actions along with the potential future strategy for remediation of their toxic effects.