Analysis and optimization of a modified Kalina cycle system for low-grade heat utilization. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Masrur Hossain, Mohammad; Afnan Ahmed, Niyaz; Abid Shahriyar, Md; Monjurul Ehsan, M.; Riaz, Fahid; Salehin, Sayedus; Awais Salman, Chaudhary
• Is Part Of: Energy conversion and management. X. Volume 12(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Kalina cycle system -- Low-grade thermal source -- Multi-phase expander -- Thermodynamic analysis
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2021.100121
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2590-1745

Abstract

Highlights: A significant amount of energy can be extracted from a lean ammonia water loop. In all thermodynamic analyses, the proposed X-modification outperforms KCS-34. Maximum exergy destruction of the working substance is observed in the condenser. For a fixed ammonia mass fraction, an optimum turbine inlet pressure is observed. Abstract: Kalina cycle system (KCS) offers an attractive prospect to produce power by utilizing low-grade heat sources where traditional power cycles cannot be implemented. Intending to explore the potential of exploiting low-grade heat sources for conversion to electrical energy, this study proposes two modified power generation cycles based on KCS-34. A multi-phase expander is positioned between the Kalina separator and the second heat regenerator in the proposed X-modification. In contrast, it is located between the mixer and second regenerator for Y-modification. To explore the potential benefits and limitations of the proposed modifications contrasted with the KCS-34, thermodynamic modeling and optimization have been conducted. The influence of critical decision parameters on overall cycle performance is analyzed. The result elucidates that by implementing an additional multi-phase expander, a significant amount of energy can be extracted from a lean ammonia water loop and X-modification can deliver superior thermodynamic performance compared with the Y-modification and the original KCS-34. With a reduced turbine inlet pressure of 58 bar and an ammonia concentration of 80%, the X-modified cycle's efficiency reaches a peak value of 17% and a net power yield of 1015 kW. An increase of 6.35% can be achieved compared with the conventional KCS-34 operating at the same conditions. Maximum exergy destruction of the working substance was observed in the condenser.