Lifelong exposure to residential greenspace and the premenstrual syndrome: A population-based study of Northern European women. (January 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Triebner, Kai; Markevych, Iana; Bertelsen, Randi J; Sved Skottvoll, Bente; Hustad, Steinar; Forsberg, Bertil; Franklin, Karl A; Holm, Mathias; Lindberg, Eva; Heinrich, Joachim; Gómez Real, Francisco; Dadvand, Payam
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 158(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-01
• Subjects: Natural environment -- Reproductive health -- Parks -- Sexual health -- Greenness -- Green space -- Air pollution; BMI Body Mass Index -- CI Confidence Interval -- IQR Interquartile Range -- NDVI Normalised Difference Vegetation Index -- NO2 Nitrogen dioxide -- OR Odds Ratio -- PCOS Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -- PMS Premenstrual Syndrome -- PM2.5 Particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5μm -- PM10 Particulate matter with a diameter between 2.5 and 10μm; Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106975
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Background: The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) causes clinically relevant psychological and physical symptoms in up to 20% of women of reproductive age. To date, no studies have investigated the relationship between PMS and residential surrounding greenspace, although a green living environment has been reported to have beneficial associations with overall and reproductive health. Objective: To investigate whether lifelong exposure to residential surrounding greenspace is associated with PMS and whether such an association is mediated by BMI, air pollution or physical activity. Methods: This study used data collected in 2013–2015 from 1069 Scandinavian women aged 18–49 years, participating in RHINESSA, a European multi-centre and population-based cohort. Satellite-derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index was used as a proxy of greenspace. Presence of eight common PMS symptoms and their sum (PMS symptom count) were used as outcomes. The associations were assessed by adjusted multilevel logistic and negative binomial regressions. Subsequently we carried out mediation analyses for physical activity, BMI and air pollution exposure. Results: Higher exposure to residential surrounding greenspace was associated with "Anxiety or tension" (Odds Ratio 0.82, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.70 – 0.95), "Depression or hopelessness" (0.84, 0.73 – 0.98), "Difficulty with sleeping" (0.82, 0.68 – 1.00) and "Breast tenderness and abdominal bloating" (0.84, 0.71 – 0.99) before or around the start of the menstrual period. There was also an association with a lower PMS symptom count (Risk Ratio: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91 – 0.99). These associations were robust to sensitivity analyses and were not mediated by BMI, physical activity or air pollution. Conclusions: Living in greener areas may be beneficial against PMS symptoms. Further studies are needed to confirm these novel findings and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.