A novel strategy for the discovery and validation of allergic component and its action mechanism in Red Ginseng. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yang, Zhen; Zhang, Xin; Wei, Jinxia; Zhao, Hui; Zhang, Xiujun; Zhuang, Pengwei; Li, Yubo; Zhang, Yanjun
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 87(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Red ginseng -- Ginsenoside Ro -- Oleanane-type triterpene saponins -- UPLC-Q/TOF-MS -- Network toxicology; TCM traditional Chinese medicine -- Iva Chikusetsusaponin Iva -- OA Oleanolic acid -- Ro ginsenoside Ro -- RTCA Real-time Cell Analysis -- Ssa saikosaponins-a -- Ssb saikosaponins-b -- Ssc saikosaponins-c -- Ssd saikosaponins-d; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104813
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: It was firstly proved that red ginseng extract could induce degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells by RTCA assay. Ginsenoside Ro was proved to be the main contributor to cell degranulation induced by red ginseng. QSAR showed other oleanane-type triterpene saponins also could induce degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. The mechanism of ginsenoside Ro inducing cell degranulation has close association with the activation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Abstract: Red ginseng (a processed product of ginseng) is a famous herbal medicine or healthcare product widely used in Asia. However, there are many reports about anaphylactoid reaction of red ginseng. This study aims to establish a novel strategy for discovering and validating allergic component and its action mechanism in red ginseng. Firstly, RBL-2H3 cell degranulation experiment was performed by real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system and β -hexosaminase release test to illustrate the anaphylactoid reaction induced by red ginseng. Then, combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) analysis, the main components of red ginseng for inducing degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells was explored. Furthermore, the compounds with the parent nucleus structure of allergic component were studied to figure out whether they could induce RBL-2H3 cell degranulation, and the relationship between the structures of compounds and degranulation was further investigated. Finally, the underlying mechanism of allergic components was explored based on network toxicology and molecular docking method, which was further verified by western blotting analysis. Our findings demonstrated that red ginseng extract could induce degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells, and ginsenoside Ro (an oleanane-type triterpene saponin), was confirmed to be the main allergic component. Meanwhile, both ginsenoside Ro (Ro) and other oleanane-type triterpene saponins could induce degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells, and the compound with disaccharide chain on C3 position had the strongest activity of degranulation. And their mechanism of inducing degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells involved in PI3K-Akt pathway. The results would provide a reference for the quality control and evaluation of safety of herb medicines or healthcare products containing oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins. Our method offers a novel strategy for screening allergic components in red ginseng and promoting further study of safety evaluation of red ginseng.