Analyzing the State of Digital Information Warfare Between India and Pakistan on Twittersphere. (July 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hussain, Shabir; Shahzad, Farrukh; Saud, Adam
• Is Part Of: SAGE Open. Volume 11:Number 3(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-07
• Subjects: digital information warfare -- India and Pakistan -- trolls -- slants -- contributors -- Twittersphere; Social sciences -- Periodicals; 300.5
• DOI: 10.1177/21582440211031905
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2158-2440

Abstract

In this study, we analyze the state of information warfare on Twittersphere between India and Pakistan in the wake of Pulwama attack in Kashmir region and the subsequent surgical strikes by Indian forces inside Pakistan. We selected two leading Twitter hashtags on the conflict from the two countries each. A total of 20, 000 tweets were manually analyzed. Contrary to the existing scholarship on digital information warfare, we found citizens from both countries produced most of the content. Among the citizens, those Twitter handles that showed affiliations with the heads of governments that we consider as trolls were the leading contributors. Moreover, the study found that contributors from the two countries mainly posted on their own hashtags and did not engage in counter-arguments with the contributors from other country. This resulted in overwhelming support for the two countries in their own assorted hashtags and outright criticism in the hashtags originating from the other country.