SLEEP APNEA, HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES: RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. (April 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Filho, Silvio Paffer; Paffer, Matheus Toscano; Paffer, Pedro Toscano
• Is Part Of: Journal of hypertension. Volume 39(2021)e-Supplement 1
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Subjects: Hypertension -- Periodicals; Hypertension -- Periodicals; 616.132005
• DOI: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000745672.76776.02
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1473-5598

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its coexistence with high blood pressure (HBP) and Diabetes mellitus (DM) is very common among patients, especially in obese patients, when its presence play a major role for the development of such co-morbidities. To evaluate a cohort of 177 patients with diagnosis of OSA and observe the coexistence of HBP and/or DM at a private hypertension clinic. Design and method: 177 patients with diagnosis of OSA (apnea/hypopnea index >= 5) had their medical records analyzed over the period of January to November of 2019, in order to identify the presence of HBP and/or DM at a private hypertension clinic. All the patients were submitted to a home polysomnography with a Resmed Apnealink Air device over a period of one night. Results: The sample consisted of 177 patients, 107 male (60.45%). 19% had mild OSA (apnea/hypopnea index – AHI >=5), 45% moderate OSA (AHI>=15) and 36% severe OSA (AHI>=30). 79 % of the patients with OSA diagnosis also were hypertensive (Blood pressure >=140x90mmHg), 44.6% had type 2 DM and 34, 4% had both DM and HBP diagnosis. The AHI in the whole sample ranged from 6 to 234, average of 28.97 +−22.8, and the mean minimum Oxygen saturation was 78.17 +−7.36 %. Conclusions: It is well known the contribution of OSA for the development of HBP, especially in those patients with resistant hypertension. The presence of OSA is also a key factor for the development of type 2 DM, with the latest guidelines suggesting the screening for this condition at the diabetic population, especially with the epidemic data of obesity, condition extremely common both on DM and OSA. In this study, it was very evident the association of these co-morbidities, with 79 % of the group of patients with sleep apnea being hypertensive. More than 1/3 of the sample with the diagnosis were both hypertensive and diabetic, reassuring the relationship of both conditions and OSA.