Tibiofemoral contact and alignment in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture treated nonoperatively versus reconstruction: an upright, open MRI study. (1st September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Stockton, David J.; Schmidt, Andrew M.; Yung, Andrew; Desrochers, Jane; Zhang, Honglin; Masri, Bassam A.; Wilson, David R.
• Is Part Of: Bone & joint journal. Volume 103B:Number 9(2021)
• Page Start: 1505
• Page End: 1513
• Publication Date: 2021-09-01
• Subjects: ACL rupture -- Tibiofemoral alignment -- Standing MRI -- Cartilage contact area -- Knee biomechanics -- anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-ruptured -- Knees -- ACL-reconstructed knees -- MRI scan -- tibiae -- femur -- ACL injury -- anterior tibial translation -- contralateral knees -- surgical reconstruction; Bones -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Joints -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Orthopedic surgery -- Periodicals; 617.47005
• DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.103B9.BJJ-2020-1955.R1
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2049-4394

Abstract

Abstract : Aims: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture commonly leads to post-traumatic osteoarthritis, regardless of surgical reconstruction. This study uses standing MRI to investigate changes in contact area, contact centroid location, and tibiofemoral alignment between ACL-injured knees and healthy controls, to examine the effect of ACL reconstruction on these parameters. Methods: An upright, open MRI was used to directly measure tibiofemoral contact area, centroid location, and alignment in 18 individuals with unilateral ACL rupture within the last five years. Eight participants had been treated nonoperatively and ten had ACL reconstruction performed within one year of injury. All participants were high-functioning and had returned to sport or recreational activities. Healthy contralateral knees served as controls. Participants were imaged in a standing posture with knees fully extended. Results: Participants' mean age was 28.4 years (SD 7.3), the mean time since injury was 2.7 years (SD 1.6), and the mean International Knee Documentation Subjective Knee Form score was 84.4 (SD 13.5). ACL injury was associated with a 10% increase (p = 0.001) in contact area, controlling for compartment, sex, posture, age, body mass, and time since injury. ACL injury was associated with a 5.2% more posteriorly translated medial centroid (p = 0.001), equivalent to a 2.6 mm posterior translation on a representative tibia with mean posteroanterior width of 49.4 mm. Relative to the femur, the tibiae of ACL ruptured knees were 2.3 mm more anteriorly translated (p = 0.003) and 2.6° less externally rotated (p = 0.010) than healthy controls. ACL reconstruction was not associated with an improvement in any measure. Conclusion: ACL rupture was associated with an increased contact area, posteriorly translated medial centroid, anterior tibial translation, and reduced tibial external rotation in full extension. These changes were present 2.7 years post-injury regardless of ACL reconstruction status. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1505–1513.