Immune thrombocytopenia following immunisation with Vaxzevria ChadOx1-S (AstraZeneca) vaccine, Victoria, Australia. Issue 48 (26th November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gordon, Sally F.; Clothier, Hazel J.; Morgan, Hannah; Buttery, Jim P.; Phuong, Linny K.; Monagle, Paul; Chunilal, Sanjeev; Wood, Erica M.; Tran, Huyen; Szer, Jeff; Crawford, Nigel W.
• Is Part Of: Vaccine. Volume 39:Issue 48(2021)
• Page Start: 7052
• Page End: 7057
• Publication Date: 2021-11-26
• Subjects: Immune thrombocytopenia -- Vaccination -- Vaccine -- COVID-19; Vaccines -- Periodicals; 615.372
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.030
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0264-410X

Abstract

Highlights: ITP is known to occur after SARS-CoV-2 infection and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Our data demonstrate an increased risk of ITP following AstraZeneca vaccine. This has important implications for the patient as well as wider vaccination policy. Abstract: Emerging evidence suggest a possible association between immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and some formulations of COVID-19 vaccine. We conducted a retrospective case series of ITP following vaccination with Vaxzevria ChadOx1-S (AstraZeneca) and mRNA Comirnaty BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines and compare the incidence to expected background rates for Victoria during the first six months of the Australian COVID-19 vaccination roll-out in 2021. Cases were identified by reports to the Victorian state vaccine safety service, SAEFVIC, of individuals aged 18 years or older presenting with thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 vaccination without evidence of thrombosis. Twenty-one confirmed or probable cases of ITP were identified following receipt of AstraZeneca (n = 17) or Pfizer-BioNTech (n = 4) vaccines. This translates to an observed incidence of 8 per million doses for AstraZeneca vaccine, twice the expected background rate of 4.1 per million. The observed rate for Pfizer-BioNTech was consistent with the expected background rate. The median time to onset for the cases post AstraZeneca vaccination was 10 days (range 1–78) and median platelet nadir 5 × 10 9 /L (range 0–67 × 10 9 /L). Hospital presentations or admissions for management of symptoms such as bleeding occurred in 18 (86%) of the cases. The majority of cases (n = 11) required intervention with at least 2 therapy modalities. In conclusion, we observed a substantially higher than expected rate of ITP following AstraZeneca vaccination. ITP is the second haematological adverse event, distinct from that of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), observed following AstraZeneca vaccination.