Evaluation of low and intermediate temperatures fracture indices for modified Warm mix asphalt (WMA) using edge notched disc bend (ENDB) specimen. (December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zarei, Mohammad; Abdi Kordani, Ali; Zahedi, Mohsen; Akbarinia, Farzad; Khanjari, Maziar
• Is Part Of: Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics. Volume 116(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-12
• Subjects: Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) -- Fracture toughness -- Fracture energy -- Fracture indices -- Pure modes I and III; Fracture mechanics -- Periodicals; 620.1126
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2021.103137
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0167-8442

Abstract

Highlights: The fracture indices including GF, Ki, FI, TI, and CRI were used for WMA using ENDB geometry. Due to the higher fracture toughness of mode I than mode III, the risk of cracking mode III was higher than mode I. The mixture containing 3% CL had more fracture resistance than the mixture containing 6% CL. 0.25% PE- 6% CL mixture had better fracture resistance in addition to flexible fracture. Abstract: Fracture toughness and fracture energy have been used as the main fracture indices to evaluate asphalt mixtures' fracture resistance. Recently, some cracking-related index parameters such as Flexibility Index (FI), Toughness Index (TI), and Cracking Resistance Index (CRI) have proposed the brittle behavior of asphalt mixtures by normalizing the fracture energy obtained from the load–displacement curve. Although previous studies have evaluated fracture indices in a limited range of temperature conditions and on a limited number of geometries, this study tried to evaluate different fracture indices on Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) using Edge notched disc bend (ENDB) geometry (pure mode I and III) at low and intermediate temperatures. Besides, environmentally friendly additives, including Calcium Lignosulfonate (CL) and polyester fibers (PE), were used in different percentages jointly and separately to improve WMA mixtures' fracture performance. The results showed that although the risk of cracking of pure mode III was higher than pure mode I based on the toughness results, nevertheless, more fracture energy was required to fracture the sample in pure mode III than pure mode I. For the modified WMA mixture, the fracture toughness and fracture energy in both pure modes I and III had a similar procedure and were affected by the presence of PE at −18 °C. At +25 °C, the fracture energy in pure mode I and III were higher for samples containing 0.25% PE-6% CL than for all samples. Finally, considering all the results, 0.25% PE-6% CL mixture due to higher fracture toughness, higher fracture energy, and a more flexible fracture (based on all three indices FI, TI, and CRI) in pure modes I and III were recommended to use WMA at temperatures of −18 °C and +25 °C.