Direct‐Ink‐Writing of Electroactive Polymers for Sensing and Energy Storage Applications. Issue 11 (6th August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pinto, Rafael S.; Serra, João P.; Barbosa, João C.; Gonçalves, Renato; Silva, Maria M.; Lanceros‐Méndez, Senentxu; Costa, Carlos M.
• Is Part Of: Macromolecular materials and engineering. Volume 306:Issue 11(2021)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2021-08-06
• Subjects: additive manufacturing -- lithium‐ion batteries -- poly(vinylidene fluoride) -- poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) -- sensors -- separator membranes; Plastics -- Periodicals; Polymers -- Periodicals; Polymerization -- Periodicals; 547.705
• DOI: 10.1002/mame.202100372
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1438-7492

Abstract

Abstract: Considering the high levels of materials used in the fields of electronics and energy storage systems, it is increasingly necessary to take into consideration environmental impact. Thus, it is important to develop devices based on environmentally friendlier materials and/or processes, such as additive manufacturing techniques. In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) are prepared by direct‐ink‐writing (DIW) by varying solvent evaporation temperature and fill density percentage. Different morphologies for both polymers are obtained, including dense films and porous membranes, as well as different electroactive β‐phase content, thermal and mechanical properties. The dielectric constant and piezoelectric d33 coefficient for dense films reaches up to 16 at 1 kHz and 4 pC N −1, respectively for PVDF‐HFP with a fill density of 80 and a solvent evaporation temperature of 50 °C. Porous structures are developed for battery separator membranes in lithium‐ion batteries, with a highest ionic conductivity value of 3.8 mS cm −1 for the PVDF‐HFP sample prepared with a fill density of 100 and a solvent evaporation temperature of 25 °C, the sample showing an excellent cycling performance. It is demonstrated that electroactive films and membranes can be prepared by direct‐ink writing suitable for sensors/actuators and energy storage systems. Abstract : Direct‐ink‐writing (DIW) is an additive manufacturing process that allows one to obtain any desired pattern for the development of devices and in this present work presents the development of PVDF and PVDF/HFP based thick films and membranes printed by DIW, the materials being suitable for sensing and energy storage, respectively. It is shown that electroactive PVDF‐based films and membranes can be prepared by DIW, suitable to be implemented in a variety of applications.