Mechanisms of organelle elimination for lens development and differentiation. (August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brennan, Lisa; Disatham, Joshua; Kantorow, Marc
• Is Part Of: Experimental eye research. Volume 209(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-08
• Subjects: Differentiation -- Development -- Lens -- Organelle regulation -- Nucleus -- Mitochondria -- Endoplasmic reticulum -- Golgi apparatus -- Transcriptional regulation -- Chromatin -- Autophagy -- Hypoxia; OFZ organelle-free zone -- APAF1 apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1: autophagy related 5 (ATG5) -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- IAP inhibitor of apoptosis -- FYCO1 FYVE And Coiled-Coil Domain Autophagy Adaptor 1 -- LC3 MAP1LC3B/LC3 -- BNIP3L BCL2 Interacting Protein 3 Like -- ULK1/2 Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1 -- TOMM20 Translocase Of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20 -- SQSTM1/p62 sequestome 1 -- Brg1/SMARCA4 brahma-related protein1 -- SWI/SNF switch/sucrose non fermentable chromatin remodeling complex -- HIF1a hypoxia inducible factor 1a -- CDK1 cyclin dependent kinase 1; Ophthalmology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Periodicals; Œil -- Périodiques; Ophthalmology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8405
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108682
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0014-4835

Abstract

Abstract: A hallmark feature of lens development and differentiation is the complete elimination of organelles from the center of the eye lens. A long unanswered question in lens biology is what are the mechanisms that control the elimination of organelles during the terminal remodeling program to form mature lens fiber cells? Recent advances have expanded our understanding of these mechanisms including newly discovered signaling pathways, proteasomal regulators, autophagy proteins, transcription factors and the hypoxic environment of the lens itself. These recent discoveries suggest that distinct mechanisms coordinate the elimination of the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus during lens fiber cell differentiation. Since regulation of organelle number and distribution is also a feature of the terminal remodeling programs of more complex cell-types and tissues, these advances are likely to impact a wide-variety of fields. Highlights: Lens differentiation is hallmarked by the elimination of cellular organelles. Novel pathways have recently been identified that coordinate lens organelle elimination. Lens organelle elimination requirements include signal-transduction, autophagy and hypoxia.