Clinical manifestation and disease progression in COVID-19 infection. Issue 1 (31st December 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tsai, Ping-Hsing; Lai, Wei-Yi; Lin, Yi-Ying; Luo, Yung-Hung; Lin, Yi-Tsung; Chen, Hsiao-Kang; Chen, Yuh-Min; Lai, Yi-Chun; Kuo, Li-Chiao; Chen, Shew-Dan; Chang, Kao-Jung; Liu, Cheng-Hsuan; Chang, Shih-Chieh; Wang, Fu-Der; Yang, Yi-Ping
• Is Part Of: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. Volume 84:Issue 1(2021)
• Page Start: 3
• Page End: 8
• Publication Date: 2020-12-31
• Subjects: Coronavirus -- COVID-19 -- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Medicine -- Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000463
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1726-4901

Abstract

Abstract : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly an infectious disease of the respiratory system transmitted through air droplets, and pulmonary symptoms constitute main presentations of this disease. However, COVID-19 demonstrates a clinically diverse manifestation ranging from asymptomatic presentation to critically illness with severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, or multiple organ failure. Accumulating evidences demonstrated that COVID-19 has extrapulmonary involvement, including neurological, smelling sensation, cardiovascular, digestive, hepatobiliary, renal, endocrinologic, dermatologic system, and others. Over a third of COVID-19 patients manifest a wide range of neurological symptoms involving the central/peripheral nervous system. Underlying cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with detrimental outcomes, meanwhile the occurrence of cardiovascular complications correlate to poor survival. Gastrointestinal symptoms frequently occur and have been associated with a longer period of illness. Impaired hepatic functions were associated with the severity of the disease. Higher rate of acute kidney injury was reported in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Endocrinologic presentations of COVID-19 include exacerbating hyperglycemia, euglycemic ketosis, and diabetic ketoacidosis. The most common cutaneous manifestation was acro-cutaneous (pernio or chilblain-like) lesions, and other skin lesions consist of maculopapular rash, vesicular lesions, livedoid/necrotic lesions, exanthematous rashes, and petechiae. This review article summarized the general clinical signs and symptoms, radiologic features, and disease manifestation with progression in patients with COVID-19.