RNF43 germline and somatic mutation in serrated neoplasia pathway and its association with BRAF mutation. Issue 9 (21st June 2016)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yan, Helen H N; Lai, Jeffrey C W; Ho, Siu Lun; Leung, Wai Keung; Law, Wai Lun; Lee, Janet F Y; Chan, Anthony K W; Tsui, Wai Yin; Chan, Annie S Y; Lee, Bernard C H; Yue, Sarah S K; Man, Alice H Y; Clevers, Hans; Yuen, Siu Tsan; Leung, Suet Yi
• Is Part Of: Gut. Volume 66:Issue 9(2017)
• Page Start: 1645
• Page End: 1656
• Publication Date: 2016-06-21
• Subjects: CANCER GENETICS -- CANCER SYNDROMES -- COLONIC POLYPS -- COLORECTAL CANCER GENES -- GENETIC TESTING; Gastroenterology -- Periodicals; 616.33
• DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311849
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0017-5749

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: Serrated polyps (hyperplastic polyps, sessile or traditional serrated adenomas), which can arise in a sporadic or polyposis setting, predispose to colorectal cancer (CRC), especially those with microsatellite instability (MSI) due to MLH1 promoter methylation (MLH1 me+ ). We investigate genetic alterations in the serrated polyposis pathway. Design: We used a combination of exome sequencing and target gene Sanger sequencing to study serrated polyposis families, sporadic serrated polyps and CRCs, with validation by analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, followed by organoid-based functional studies. Results: In one out of four serrated polyposis families, we identified a germline RNF43 mutation that displayed autosomal dominant cosegregation with the serrated polyposis phenotype, along with second-hit inactivation through loss of heterozygosity or somatic mutations in all serrated polyps (16), adenomas (5) and cancer (1) examined, as well as coincidental BRAF mutation in 62.5% of the serrated polyps. Concurrently, somatic RNF43 mutations were identified in 34% of sporadic sessile/traditional serrated adenomas, but 0% of hyperplastic polyps (p=0.013). Lastly, in MSI CRCs, we found significantly more frequent RNF43 mutations in the MLH1 me+ (85%) versus MLH1 me− (33.3%) group (p<0.001). These findings were validated in the TCGA MSI CRCs (p=0.005), which further delineated a significant differential involvement of three Wnt pathway genes between these two groups (RNF43 in MLH1 me+ ; APC and CTNNB1 in MLH1 me− ); and identified significant co-occurrence of BRAF and RNF43 mutations in the MSI (p<0.001), microsatellite stable (MSS) (p=0.002) and MLH1 me+ MSI CRCs (p=0.042). Functionally, organoid culture of serrated adenoma or mouse colon with CRISPR-induced RNF43 mutations had reduced dependency on R-spondin1. Conclusions: These results illustrate the importance of RNF43, along with BRAF mutation in the serrated neoplasia pathway (both the sporadic and familial forms), inform genetic diagnosis protocol and raise therapeutic opportunities through Wnt inhibition in different stages of evolution of serrated polyps.