Application of an inorganic sulfur-modified expanded graphite anode for sodium storage at low temperatures. Issue 20 (28th September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zhou, Li-Feng; Gao, Yi-Jing; Gong, He; Liu, Li-Ying; Du, Tao
• Is Part Of: Sustainable energy & fuels. Volume 5:Issue 20(2021)
• Page Start: 5160
• Page End: 5165
• Publication Date: 2021-09-28
• Subjects: Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Fuel cells -- Periodicals; Electric batteries -- Periodicals; Electrochemistry -- Periodicals; 660.297
• DOI: 10.1039/d1se01140e
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2398-4902

Abstract

Abstract : An inorganic sulfur-modified expanded graphite was successfully prepared via both liquid fusion process and thermal expansion process. It exhibits high sodium storage and life-span performance at low temperature with the excellent kinetics. Abstract : Carbonaceous materials as anode materials are one of the candidates for commercial lithium ion batteries; meanwhile, they are potential for commercial sodium ion batteries. Graphite, as a member of them, plays an important role and needs to be further researched and modified. In this work, an inorganic sulfur-modified expanded graphite anode was prepared via both a liquid fusion process and a thermal expansion process, which presented a large interlayer distance of 3.77 Å. Furthermore, the capacity retention of more than 98% after 500 cycles at 0 °C was presented with a capacity of 245 mA h g −1 at 1C. In addition, in the most cold environment of high-latitude areas, when the temperature decreases to −20 °C, a capacity of 66 mA h g −1 means an actual availability. In addition, research of kinetics and cycled anodes showed a nice stability. Na + diffusion coefficients show nearly the same trend and values at room and low temperatures, and even after cycling still retain the same order of magnitude. Therefore, the inorganic sulfur-modified expanded graphite anode deserves to be considered a qualified anode material for the commercial application of sodium storage.