OP63 Loneliness, living arrangements and emotional support as predictors of suicidality: a 7 year follow-up of the UK biobank cohort. (September 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shaw, RJ; Cullen, B; Graham, N; Mackay, D; Ward, J; Pearsall, R; Smith, DJ
• Is Part Of: Journal of epidemiology and community health. Volume 72(2018)Supplement 1
• Page Start: A30
• Page End: A31
• Publication Date: 2018-09
• Subjects: loneliness -- suicide -- administrative data; Public health -- Periodicals; Epidemiology -- Periodicals; 614.4
• DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-SSMabstracts.62
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0143-005X

Abstract

Abstract : Background: Between 1997 and 2017 the number of middle-aged people living alone in the UK increased by 53% and loneliness is now recognised as an important policy area. We aimed to understand the interrelationships between loneliness, living arrangements and emotional support in predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Methods: Between 2006 and 2010 sociodemographic and health data were collected from 5 00 000 participants, aged 40–69, in UK Biobank. These data were linked to hospital admission records for self-harm and suicidal ideation until March 2015, and records for death by suicide until February 2016. Additionally, in 2016–2017, 1 50 000 participants completed an online questionnaire which probed thoughts of self-harm, self-harm behaviour and attempted suicide. Exposures assessed were baseline measures of self-reported loneliness, living arrangements and emotional support (frequency of confiding). Deaths by suicide and hospital admissions were investigated with Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression was used for self-report outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic factors including deprivation and employment, and multimorbidity. Results: In adjusted analyses loneliness was the risk most consistently related to all outcomes including death by suicide, (hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.51), hospital admissions (HR 4.41, 95% CI 2.50 to 7.76) and self-reported suicide attempts (HR 5.38, 95% CI 3.35 to 8.63). After adjustment, not living with a partner was associated with increased risks of hospital admissions and dying by suicide, but not with the self-report measures of suicidality. Not living with a partner had a stronger relationship with death by suicide for men (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.36 to 3.18) than for women (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.31). After adjustment, emotional support was associated with the self-report but not administrative measures of suicidality. For example, when people with the least emotional support were compared to those with the most, the odds ratio was 3.00 (95% CI 1.71 to 5.28). Statistical interactions indicated that people who were lonely despite living with a partner had the highest risk of contemplating self-harm and that loneliness eliminated the protective effects of living with a partner for deaths by suicide. Conclusion: Loneliness was the strongest predictor of suicide risk irrespective of living arrangements and emotional support and loneliness explained the relationships between living arrangements and self-reported suicidality but not suicidality as indicated by administrative records. A limitation is that selective participation may bias the results for self-reported suicidality; however, the large sample size enabled participants to be followed up using death records, which are less vulnerable to bias.