Effects of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism on dyslipidemia following weight-loss diets in women: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Issue 11 (November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ma, Yiwei; Sun, Yidi; Sun, Liang; Liu, Xin; Zeng, Rong; Lin, Xu; Li, Yixue
• Is Part Of: Clinical nutrition. Volume 40:Issue 11(2021)
• Page Start: 5511
• Page End: 5520
• Publication Date: 2021-11
• Subjects: Weight-loss diets -- Gut microbiota -- Acylcarnitines -- Fatty acids -- Lipids; ALT alanine transaminase -- AST aspartate transaminase -- BCAA branched-chain amino acid -- BMI body mass index -- CAG co-abundance gen cluster -- CR calorie-restricted -- DNL de novo lipogenesis -- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid -- FA fatty acid -- GGT gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase -- HDL high-density lipoprotein -- HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance -- HOMA-B homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function -- KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes -- KO KEGG Orthology -- LBP lipopolysaccharide binding protein -- LC low-carbohydrate -- LDL low-density lipoprotein -- MAFLD metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease -- MO KEGG module -- NMDS non-metric multidimensional scaling -- PERMANOVA permutational analysis of variance; Critically ill -- Nutrition -- Periodicals; Diet therapy -- Periodicals; Parenteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral feeding -- Periodicals; Enteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Parenteral Nutrition -- Periodicals; Metabolism -- Periodicals; Diétothérapie -- Périodiques; Alimentation parentérale -- Périodiques; Alimentation entérale -- Périodiques; Nutrition -- Périodiques; Diet therapy; Enteral feeding; Nutrition; Parenteral feeding; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.021
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0261-5614

Abstract

Summary: Background & aims: In our early feeding trial among overweight and obese Chinese women, both low-carbohydrate (LC) and calorie-restricted (CR) diets reduced weight and fat mass, but only the LC diet significantly improved dyslipidemia. We aimed to investigate the impacts of altered gut microbiota, fatty acid (FAs), and acylcarnitines, markers of mitochondrial function on blood lipids. Methods: Fecal and blood samples from 48 participants at baseline and the end of a 12-week trial were used to perform metagenomics and targeted-metabolomics including erythrocyte FAs and plasma acylcarnitines, respectively. Results: The two diets altered microbial structure and co-abundance gene clusters (CAGs) at different magnitudes. After a 12-week intervention, the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio increased significantly in the LC diet ( P = 0.015) but not in the CR diet, which only showed an increased trend ( P = 0.28). At the microbial function level, the LC group showed lower branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and higher serine biosynthesis than the CR group. Moreover, the LC diet reduced levels of 14:0 and 16:1n-7 FAs in the de novo lipogenesis pathway, but increased 20:5n-3 compared with the CR diet. Both groups had increased plasma acylcarnitines except that the LC group had larger elevated short-chain acylcarnitines. After backward stepwise selection, a cluster of changed CAGs, FAs and acylcarnitines were found to be associated with improved lipid profile. However, changed CAGs showed higher contribution rates in elevating HDL-cholesterol (81.6%) and reducing triglycerides (89.3%) than changed FAs and acylcarnitines. Conclusions: The two weight-loss diets induced different changes of gut microbiota, plasma acylcarnitines, and erythrocyte FAs. Changes in gut microbiota rather than FA or acylcarnitine profiles showed greater contribution to improved lipid profile in these overweight and obese Chinese women. Trial registration: The trial was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01358890 .