Unimodal regularisation based on beta distribution for deep ordinal regression. (February 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Manuel Vargas, Víctor; Gutiérrez, Pedro Antonio; Hervás-Martínez, César
• Is Part Of: Pattern recognition. Volume 122(2022)
• Publication Date: 2022-02
• Subjects: Ordinal regression -- Unimodal distribution -- Convolutional network -- Beta distribution -- Stick-breaking; Pattern perception -- Periodicals; Perception des structures -- Périodiques; Patroonherkenning; 006.4
• DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2021.108310
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0031-3203

Abstract

Highlights: Unimodal regularisation for cross-entropy loss using the beta distribution. Comparison with other regularisation methods based on other distributions. Ordinal output scheme based on the stick-breaking process. Application to convolutional neural networks and several benchmark datasets. Abstract: Currently, the use of deep learning for solving ordinal classification problems, where categories follow a natural order, has not received much attention. In this paper, we propose an unimodal regularisation based on the beta distribution applied to the cross-entropy loss. This regularisation encourages the distribution of the labels to be a soft unimodal distribution, more appropriate for ordinal problems. Given that the beta distribution has two parameters that must be adjusted, a method to automatically determine them is proposed. The regularised loss function is used to train a deep neural network model with an ordinal scheme in the output layer. The results obtained are statistically analysed and show that the combination of these methods increases the performance in ordinal problems. Moreover, the proposed beta distribution performs better than other distributions proposed in previous works, achieving also a reduced computational cost.