Dietary patterns associated with subclinical atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) study. Issue 15 (8th October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gorgulho, Bartira; Alves, Mariane A; Teixeira, Juliana A; Santos, Roberta O; de Matos, Sheila Alvim; Bittencourt, Marcio Sommer; Benseñor, Isabela; Lotufo, Paulo; Marchioni, Dirce Maria
• Is Part Of: Public health nutrition. Volume 24:Issue 15(2021)
• Page Start: 5006
• Page End: 5014
• Publication Date: 2021-10-08
• Subjects: Atherosclerosis -- Coronary artery calcification -- Dietary pattern -- Healthy eating; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Nutrition policy -- Periodicals; Public health -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020005340
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1368-9800

Abstract

Abstract: Objective: To identify dietary patterns associated with subclinical atherosclerosis measured as coronary artery calcification (CAC). Design: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. Dietary data were assessed using a FFQ, and a principal component factor analysis was used to derive the dietary patterns. Scree plot, eigenvalues > 1 and interpretability were considered to retain the factors. CAC was measured using a computed tomography scanner and an electrocardiography-gated prospective Ca score examination and was categorised into three groups based on the CAC score: 0, 1–100 and >100 Agatston units. Multinomial regression models were conducted for dietary patterns and CAC severity categories. Setting: Brazil, São Paulo, 2008–2010. Participants: Active and retired civil servants who lived in São Paulo and underwent a CAC exam were included ( n 4025). Results: Around 10 % of participants (294 men, 97 women) had a detectable CAC (>0), 6·5 % (182 men, 73 women) had a CAC of 1–100 and 3·5 % (110 men, 23 women) had a CAC > 100. Three dietary patterns were identified: convenience food, which was positively associated with atherosclerotic calcification; plant-based and dairy food, which showed no association with CAC; and the traditional Brazilian food pattern (rice, legumes and meats), which was inversely associated with atherosclerotic calcification. Conclusions: Our results showed that a dietary pattern consisting of traditional Brazilian foods could be important to reducing the risk of atherosclerotic calcification and prevent future cardiovascular events, whereas a convenience dietary pattern was positively associated with this outcome.