Mitochondrial dysfunction and beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS-31 in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. (September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ding, Xiao-Wen; Robinson, Megan; Li, Rongzi; Aldhowayan, Hadeel; Geetha, Thangiah; Babu, Jeganathan Ramesh
• Is Part Of: Pharmacological research. Volume 171(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-09
• Subjects: Aβ amyloid-beta -- ABAD Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- Akt protein kinase B -- AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase -- ApoE4 Apolipoprotein E4 -- APP amyloid precursor protein -- BCAA branched-chain amino acids -- DM Diabetes Mellitus -- DRPs dynamin-related proteins -- ER endoplasmic reticulum -- ETC electron transport chain -- GSK-3β glycogen synthase kinase-3β -- H2O2 hydrogen peroxide -- IMM inner mitochondrial membrane -- IR insulin receptor -- IRS insulin receptor substrate -- MAM mitochondria-associated ER membrane -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- MFN1 Mitofusins 1 -- MFN2 Mitofusins 2 -- MT mitochondria -- mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin -- mTORC1 mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 -- NCLX Na+/Ca2+ exchanger -- NFTs neurofibrillary tangles -- Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 -- OMM outer mitochondrial membrane -- OP oxidative phosphorylation -- OPA1 optic atrophy 1 -- PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha -- PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase -- PINK1 PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 -- PKC protein kinase C -- POMC proopiomelanocortin -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- T1DM type 1 diabetes -- T2DM type 2 diabetes -- TCA tricarboxylic acid -- TOM translocase complex of the outer mitochondrial membrane -- SS Szeto-Schiller; Mitochondria -- Diabetes -- Alzheimer's disease -- SS peptide -- SS-31; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacology -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Médicaments -- Recherche -- Périodiques; Pharmacologie -- Périodiques; 615.105
• DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105783
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1043-6618

Abstract

Abstract: Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are common chronic illnesses in the United States and lack clearly demonstrated therapeutics. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse of the cell", is involved in the homeostatic regulation of glucose, energy, and reduction/oxidation reactions. The mitochondria has been associated with the etiology of metabolic and neurological disorders through a dysfunction of regulation of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria-targeted chemicals, such as the Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide, have advanced therapeutic potential through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the restoration of normal mitochondrial function as compared to traditional antioxidants, such as vitamin E. In this article, we summarize the pathophysiological relevance of the mitochondria and the beneficial effects of Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide in the treatment of Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Graphical Abstract: ga1