The net effect of smoking on healthcare and welfare costs. A cohort study. Issue 6 (11th December 2012)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Tiihonen, Jari; Ronkainen, Kimmo; Kangasharju, Aki; Kauhanen, Jussi
• Is Part Of: BMJ open. Volume 2:Issue 6(2012)
• Publication Date: 2012-12-11
• Subjects: Epidemiology -- Health Economics; Medicine -- Research -- Periodicals; 610.72
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001678
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2044-6055

Abstract

Abstract : Objective: To study the net economic effect of smoking on society. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Eastern Finland. Patients: We studied mortality, paid income and tobacco taxes, and the cumulative costs due to pensions and medical care among tobacco smoking and non-smoking individuals in a 27-year prospective cohort study of 1976 men from Eastern Finland. These individuals were 54–60 years old at the beginning of the follow-up. Main outcome measures: The net contribution of smoking versus non-smoking individuals to public finance balance (euros). Results: Smoking was associated with a greater mean annual healthcare cost of €1600 per living individual during follow-up. However, due to a shorter lifespan of 8.6 years, smokers' mean total healthcare costs during the entire study period were actually €4700 lower than for non-smokers. For the same reason, each smoker missed 7.3 years (€126 850) of pension. Overall, smokers' average net contribution to the public finance balance was €133 800 greater per individual compared with non-smokers. However, if each lost quality adjusted life year is considered to be worth €22 200, the net effect is reversed to be €70 200 (€71.600 when adjusted with propensity score) per individual in favour of non-smoking. Conclusions: Smoking was associated with a moderate decrease in healthcare costs, and a marked decrease in pension costs due to increased mortality. However, when a monetary value for life years lost was taken into account, the beneficial net effect of non-smoking to society was about €70 000 per individual.