Optimising fusion detection through sequential DNA and RNA molecular profiling of non-small cell lung cancer. (November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Moore, David A.; Benafif, Sarah; Poskitt, Benjamin; Argue, Stephanie; Lee, Siow-Ming; Ahmad, Tanya; Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis; Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam; Bennett, Philip; Forster, Martin D.
• Is Part Of: Lung cancer. Volume 161(2021)
• Page Start: 55
• Page End: 59
• Publication Date: 2021-11
• Subjects: Non-small cell lung cancer -- Targeted therapy -- Molecular profiling -- Fusion analysis; Lungs -- Cancer -- Periodicals; Lung Neoplasms -- Abstracts; Lung Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Poumons -- Cancer -- Périodiques; Lungs -- Cancer; Periodicals; Electronic journals; Electronic journals; 616.99424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.08.008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0169-5002

Abstract

Highlights: There are an increasing number of rare but actionable fusions in NSCLC. Targeting fusion panel testing in those negative by DNA-NGS led to an enriched positivity rate of 24% Failure rate and tissue inadequacy was higher in sequential RNA-NGS than initial DNA-NGS. Collaborating with industry to develop pathways can expand access to identify actionable events. Abstract: Objectives: There is an increasing number of driver fusions in NSCLC which are amenable to targeted therapy. Panel testing for fusions is increasingly appropriate but can be costly and requires adequate good quality biopsy material. In light of the typical mutual exclusivity of driver events in NSCLC, the objective of this study was to trial a novel testing pathway, supported by industrial collaboration, in which only patients negative for driver mutations on DNA-NGS were submitted for fusion panel analysis. Materials and methods: Over 18 months, all patients from a single centre with non-squamous NSCLC were submitted for DNA-NGS, plus ALK and ROS1 immunohistochemistry +/− FISH. Those which were negative for a driver mutation were then recalled for RNA panel testing. Results: 307 samples were referred for DNA-NGS mutation analysis, of which, 10% of cases were unsuitable for or failed DNA-NGS analysis. Driver mutations were detected in 61% (167/275) of all those successfully tested. Of those without a driver mutation and with some remaining tissue available, 28% had insufficient tissue/extracted RNA or failed RNA-NGS. Of those successfully tested, 24% (17/72) had a fusion gene detected involving either ALK, ROS, MET, RET, FGFR or EGFR . Overall, 66% (184/277) of patients had a driver event detected through the combination of DNA and RNA panels. Conclusion: Sequential DNA and RNA based molecular profiling increased the efficacy of detecting fusion driven NSCLCs. Continued optimisation of tissue procurement, handling and the diagnostic pathways for gene fusion analysis is necessary to reduce analysis failure rates and improve detection rate for treatment with the next generation of small molecule inhibitors.