Overview on toxicity of nanoparticles, it's mechanism, models used in toxicity studies and disposal methods – A review. (September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Cypriyana P J, Jane; S, Saigeetha; Angalene J, Lavanya Agnes; Samrot, Antony V.; Kumar S, Suresh; Ponniah, Paulraj; Chakravarthi, Srikumar
• Is Part Of: Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology. Number 36(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-09
• Subjects: Nanotoxicology -- Toxicity mechanism -- Models for toxicity evaluation -- Metal nanoparticles; Agricultural biotechnology -- Periodicals; Enzymes -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; 660.6
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102117
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1878-8181

Abstract

Abstract: The usage of nanoparticles in the recent years have gained a huge importance in various fields due to their unique properties such as electrical, optical, magnetic abilities that contribute to the growth of science and technology. Therefore, it has become vital to understand the impact of nanoparticles on the human health and environment as they are expected to impose a negative threat in the environment due to its exploitation and improper disposal. As a result, nanotoxicology has been emerged as new realm of toxicology that mainly deals with understanding of the interaction between the nanoparticles with the environment. Due to the increased exposure of nanoparticles to the environment, a better assessment of nanotoxicity is required along with imposing methods for a more efficient use of nanoparticles and with proper disposal methods to help reduce the adverse effects. Therefore, this review paper provides a detailed understanding of the mechanism that is responsible for nanoparticles toxicity and its interaction with the environment along with the factors that contribute to its toxic effects with specific information of metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver, superparamagnetic iron oxide, platinum and zinc nanoparticles. It also provides a detailed explanation on adverse effects on human cell lines and clinical data derived from studies conducted on various in-vitro and in-vivo models utilized to assess the toxic impacts of the nano-sized particles. Highlights: There is a need of studying the impact of nanoparticles on the environment. It is essential to understand the mechanism of nanoparticles' toxicity and possible disposal methods.