Letrozole-induced necrotising leukocytoclastic small vessel vasculitis: First report of a case in the UK. (2015)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pathmarajah, Pirunthan; Shah, Karishma; Taghipour, Kathy; Ramachandra, Su; Thorat, Mangesh A; Chaudhry, Ziaullah; Patkar, Vivek; Peters, Francesca; Connor, Thomas; Spurrell, Emma; Tobias, Jeffrey S; Vaidya, Jayant S
• Is Part Of: International journal of surgery case reports. Volume 16(2015)Supplement
• Page Start: 77
• Page End: 80
• Publication Date: 2015
• Subjects: PCR protein creatinine ratio -- ANCA anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody -- CLSVV cutaneous leukocytoclastic small vessel vasculitis -- HE hematoxylin and eosin stain; Leukocytoclastic vasculitis -- Letrozole -- Breast cancer -- Hypersensitivity reaction; Surgery -- Periodicals; Surgical Procedures, Operative -- Periodicals; Surgery; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 617.005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.09.024
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2210-2612

Abstract

Highlights: Letrozole is a commonly used drug in breast cancer treatment. Letrozole induced cutaneous leukocytoclastic small vessel vasculitis: first UK case. There was extensive superficial skin necrosis; needed local and systemic steroids. Interestingly, the cancer shrank without treatment during the 3-4 month episode. Breast teams should be aware of this rare side effect. Abstract: Introduction: Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is a commonly used neo-adjuvant drug to treat hormone-sensitive breast cancer. There have been a few cases of aromatase inhibitor induced vasculitis but the first case of letrozole-induced vasculitis was reported from Switzerland in 2014 (Digklia et al.) [1] . Presentation of case: We report the case of a 72-year-old woman with a small breast cancer. She was started on pre-operative letrozole (2.5 mg/d) whilst awaiting surgery. Ten days later she presented with burning pain and purpuric skin lesions which progressed to extensive ischaemic superficial necrosis of the lower limb skin, resolving over 3–4 months after local and systemic steroids. Histologically, it showed leucocytoclasis with evidence of eosinophilia consistent with a diagnosis of cutaneous leukocytoclastic small vessel vasculitis. Discussion: The initial clinical presentation was severe burning pain around the ankles and a spreading violaceous rash. Letrozole was stopped. Wide local excision (lumpectomy) and sentinel node biopsy were postponed because of the accompanying pneumonitis and gastrointestinal upset, and were carried out 3.5 months later. Fortunately, the tumour size did not increase, but appeared to reduce, and axillary lymph nodes remained negative, i.e., this patient's cancer outcome does not seem to have been jeopardized. Conclusion: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a hypersensitivity reaction that is usually self-resolving, though our case needed systemic steroid treatment. Letrozole is a commonly used drug in clinical practice and prescribers should be aware of this rare side effect, which in our case delayed treatment without any apparent harm and possibly reduced tumour size.