Cavity QED with quantum gases: new paradigms in many-body physics. Issue 1 (2nd January 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mivehvar, Farokh; Piazza, Francesco; Donner, Tobias; Ritsch, Helmut
• Is Part Of: Advances in physics. Volume 70:Issue 1(2021)
• Page Start: 1
• Page End: 153
• Publication Date: 2021-01-02
• Subjects: Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) -- ultracold quantum gases -- Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) -- Fermi gases -- strong matter-field coupling -- Dicke superradiance -- self-organization -- cavity-enhanced metrology; Physics -- Periodicals; 530
• DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2021.1969727
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0001-8732

Abstract

Abstract : We review the recent developments and the current status in the field of quantum-gas cavity QED. Since the first experimental demonstration of atomic self-ordering in a system composed of a Bose–Einstein condensate coupled to a quantized electromagnetic mode of a high- Q optical cavity, the field has rapidly evolved over the past decade. The composite quantum-gas-cavity systems offer the opportunity to implement, simulate, and experimentally test fundamental solid-state Hamiltonians, as well as to realize non-equilibrium many-body phenomena beyond conventional condensed-matter scenarios. This hinges on the unique possibility to design and control in open quantum environments photon-induced tunable-range interaction potentials for the atoms using tailored pump lasers and dynamic cavity fields. Notable examples range from Hubbard-like models with long-range interactions exhibiting a lattice-supersolid phase, over emergent magnetic orderings and quasicrystalline symmetries, to the appearance of dynamic gauge potentials and non-equilibrium topological phases. Experiments have managed to load spin-polarized as well as spinful quantum gases into various cavity geometries and engineer versatile tunable-range atomic interactions. This led to the experimental observation of spontaneous discrete and continuous symmetry breaking with the appearance of soft-modes as well as supersolidity, density and spin self-ordering, dynamic spin-orbit coupling, and non-equilibrium dynamical self-ordered phases among others. In addition, quantum-gas-cavity setups offer new platforms for quantum-enhanced measurements. In this review, starting from an introduction to basic models, we pedagogically summarize a broad range of theoretical developments and put them in perspective with the current and near future state-of-art experiments.