A Generic Framework of Unifying Industrial By-products for Soil Stabilization. (25th October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wu, Jun; Deng, Yongfeng; Zhang, Guoping; Zhou, Annan; Tan, Yunzhi; Xiao, Henglin; Zheng, Qingsong
• Is Part Of: Journal of cleaner production. Volume 321(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-10-25
• Subjects: Soft clay stabilization -- Industrial by-products -- Three chemical moduli -- Strength activity index -- Cementitious binders -- Unconfined compression strength; Factory and trade waste -- Management -- Periodicals; Manufactures -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Déchets industriels -- Gestion -- Périodiques; Usines -- Aspect de l'environnement -- Périodiques; 628.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128920
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0959-6526

Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents a newly proposed generic framework for unifying different industrial by-products (IBPs) as composite binders to potentially replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for soft clay stabilization. The concepts of three chemical moduli (TCM) and strength activity index (SAI) are used to determine the fractions of different IBPs, and the final design mix is further tuned by adding gypsum for additional strength gain contributed by density due to ettringite formation. As a case study, a coastal soft clay was stabilized by different IBPs and gypsum using the new generic framework. Results show that the highest unconfined compression strengths of the IBPs stabilized clay cured for 7, 28, and 60 days reach 0.75, 1.21, and 1.39 MPa, respectively, which are even higher than those of the OPC-stabilized counterparts, suggesting the possibility of using IBPs to substitute OPC. Moreover, the additive gypsum plays a beneficial role for more strength gain due to the formation and volumetric expansion of ettringite. The implementation strategy for the new framework is recommended, and its practical implications for soil stabilization are discussed in terms of IBPs recycling and reuse, environmental sustainability, and economic benefits. Highlights: A generic framework was proposed to enable multiple IBPs for soft clay stabilization. TCM originally developed for the cement clinker is also applicable to IBPs-based binders. The combination of TCM and SAI is applicable and effective in IBPs-based clay stabilization. Gypsum plays a beneficial role for more strength gain due to the formation and volumetric expansion of ettringite.